The Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia: A Measure of Cardiac Age

Hrushesky, William J. M.; Fader, Darrell J.; Schmitt, Otto H.; Gilbertsen, Victor A.

doi:10.1126/science.6372092

Cited by 126 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The cosinor amplitudes reported by Rawles and colleagues (means of 2.8% for RR interval, 1.2% for PR interval) also compare well with our results for normal breathing in supine subjects (medians of 4.1% for RR interval and 1.5% for PR interval). The slightly higher values from the present study may be due to our subjects being younger, as heart rate variability tends to decrease with age (HRUSHESKY et al, 1984). A potential criticism of the use of this technique is that variations in PR interval may not be best described by a sinusoid.…”

Section: Comparison Of Three Techniques and Comparison With Prior Resmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…it is now generally accepted that these oscillations are predominantly due to a rhythmic modulation of the activity of autonomic nerves innervating the sino-atrial (SA) node, and specifically, a modulation of cardiac vagal discharge by respiratory mechanisms in the central nervous system. The degree of RSA is influenced by several factors, including age, respiration rate, tidal volume and a range of pathophysiologies (STRAUSS-BLASCHE et al, 2000;HRUSHESKY et al, 1984). The assessment of RSA has found clinical use as a measure of cardiac health in a variety of settings (SCHULTE et al, 2001;GLUCK et al, 2000;CASADEI et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulating effect of respiration on atrioventricular conduction time assessed using PR interval variation

Shouldice

Heneghan

Nolan

et al. 2002

Med. Biol. Eng. Comput.

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Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is the variation of heart rate (or RR interval) in phase with respiration and has been extensively studied. However, the effect of respiration on atrioventricular conduction delay (and hence PR interval length) has not yet received much attention. This work reports on measurements of respiration and associated RR and PR variability, in 11 subjects, assessed through surface electrocardiogram measurements, for both paced and spontaneous respiration in the supine position. A wavelet-based approach was used to extract RR and PR intervals. The accuracy of RR and PR interval measurement was consistent with previously published work. Respiratory atrioventricular conduction delay variability (RCV) was assessed using three techniques: spectral, peak-to-trough and cosinor methods. All measures showed statistically significant variations in PR interval due to respiration during paced respiration at 6 min(-1). Of the three measures, cosinor analysis was most reliable in highlighting RCV. Using this measure, statistically significant RCV was seen in ten out of the 11 subjects during paced respiration. The magnitude of the variability was estimated as +/- 5.9% of the mean PR interval. In spontaneous respiration, statistically significant RCV was seen in approximately half of the subjects, with an estimated variability of +/- 1.5%. As a control, statistically significant values for RSA were also obtained from the same data, which agreed with previously published measurements. It was concluded that respiration does indeed modulate atrioventricular conduction delay, deep breathing in the supine position accentuates this effect, and cosinor analysis provides a reliable means for quantifying this effect.

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Section: Comparison Of Three Techniques and Comparison With Prior Resmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating effect of respiration on atrioventricular conduction time assessed using PR interval variation

Shouldice

Heneghan

Nolan

et al. 2002

Med. Biol. Eng. Comput.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Current existing literature supports the presence of intracardiac mechanisms of HRV [7]. Effect of intracardiac mechanisms is especially evident from studies of transplanted hearts and ex-vivo experimental studies [8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Mathematical simulation exhibits small increase of HRV variation induced by simulated atrial load [10]. The mechanical stretch of heart during inspirium may affect HRV, since cardiac transplant patients have resting RSA values similar to healthy subjects, although there is no nervous system controlling their heart [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effect of Cardiac Filling on Heart Rate Variability in Rabbit Isolated Heart

Janoušek

Ronzhina

Hejc

et al. 2016

2016 Computing in Cardiology Conference (CinC)

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Presence of heart rate variability (HRV) IntroductionPresence of heart rate variability (HRV) in isolated hearts is widely recognized; however, its mechanisms are still subject of debate. One of the possible explanations is that mechanoreceptors in cardiac tissue affect HRV. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that mechanical stimulus can induce changes of heart rhythm [1, 2]. In order to evaluate effect of mechanical stimulation of isolated heart during atrium and ventricle filling, HRV parameters were compared between Langendorff and working heart modes. MethodTen New Zealand rabbit isolated hearts (both sex) were studied. All experiments followed the guidelines for animal treatment approved by local authorities and conformed to the EU law. Isolated heartsIn deep anaesthesia with xylasin and ketamine, the hearts were excised and perfused in Langendorff mode (constant pressure of 85 mmHg) and consecutively in working heart mode (8 cmH2O preload, 60 cmH2O afterload) with Krebs-Henseleit solution (in mM: NaCl 118, NaHCO3 24, KCl 4.2, KH2PO4 1.2, MgCl2 1.2, glucose 5.5, Taurine 10, and CaCl2 1.2). The KrebsHenseleit solution was continuously oxygenated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 and solution temperature was stabilized at 37°C in order to avoid temperature effect on RR intervals. The isolated heart itself was submerged in Krebs-Henseleit solution in bath tempered (37°C) with water jacketed system. The details of perfusion system have been published previously [3]. Stabilization of temperature was secured by closed-loop of temperature sensor and feedback controlled thermostat, resulting in precision under 0.1°C. Data acquisitionElectrograms of 5 minutes duration were recorded in Langendorff and working heart modes. The 30 minutes long stabilization period preceded recording in Langendorff mode to avoid effect of heart excision and cannulation.Electrograms were recorded by touch-less method [4] with sampling frequency of 10 kHz and with 12-bit resolution (PCI-6111E, National Instruments) by custom software (LabView 2010). Electrograms degraded by noise were excluded from further processing.R-peaks were automatically detected by own R-wave detector (Matlab R2013a, MathWorks) and carefully reviewed by human. Tachograms were then obtained from RR series.

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“…In alcoholics, autonomic dysfunction and degeneration of the myelinated fibers in the vagal nerve have been observed [34]. Furthermore, RSA is a measure of cardiac age [20] and a decreased cardiac vagal tone is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death or coronary disease [52]. The significant negative correlation between RSA and the lipoproteins (LDL, CHOL, TG and VLDL) closely mirrors a risk for development of coronary artery disease due to a reduced cardiac parasympathetic modulation.…”

Section: Rsa With Auditory Stimulation In Healthy Subjects and The Rimentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Moderate Alcohol Consumption Affects Cardiovascular Responses in Healthy Males with Different Tolerance Levels

Schulte¹,

Warzel²,

Westphal³

et al. 2002

Neuropsychobiology

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We investigated the effect of acute moderate alcohol consumption or placebo on respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in 48 healthy participants with different levels of alcohol tolerance but no abuse. In the electrocardiogram recording, auditory stimuli were presented at defined points in the respiratory cycle, which allows a non-invasive measure of CNS control over RSA. After alcohol consumption we found a decrease in RSA with auditory stimulation. Moreover, individuals with low tolerance showed only a slight change in the RSA after alcohol intake compared to baseline, whereas the placebo drink led to a reduced RSA. In subjects with high alcohol tolerance, alcohol consumption led to a reduction of RSA, with no change after placebo. These results suggest a centrally driven influence on RSA that is changed by alcohol ingestion depending upon subjects’ levels of alcohol tolerance.

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The Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia: A Measure of Cardiac Age

Cited by 126 publications

References 8 publications

Modulating effect of respiration on atrioventricular conduction time assessed using PR interval variation

Modulating effect of respiration on atrioventricular conduction time assessed using PR interval variation

The Effect of Cardiac Filling on Heart Rate Variability in Rabbit Isolated Heart

Acute Moderate Alcohol Consumption Affects Cardiovascular Responses in Healthy Males with Different Tolerance Levels

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