The respiratory resistance sensitivity task: An automated method for quantifying respiratory interoception and metacognition

Nikolova, Niia; Harrison, Olivia K.; Toohey, Sophie; Brændholt, Malthe; Legrand, Nicolas; Correa, Camile Maria Costa; Vejlø, Melina; Jensen, Martin; Fardo, Francesca; Allen, Micah

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108325

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Our goal here was to demonstrate the potential for generative modelling and 'embodied computational phenotyping'; i.e., the identification of specific parameters of brainbody interaction underlying maladaptive interoceptive inference in psychiatric and other health-harming disorders; e.g., [90]. This approach could for example, be expanded to model either brain-body interaction during explicit interoceptive decisions [91,92], or to cases of passive brain-body interaction, i.e., during experiments presenting stimuli at specific phases of the heart, breath, or stomach (see, e.g., [93]).…”

Section: Synthetic Heart-rate Variability (Hrv) and Embodied Computat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

In the Body’s Eye: The computational anatomy of interoceptive inference

et al. 2022

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A growing body of evidence highlights the intricate linkage of exteroceptive perception to the rhythmic activity of the visceral body. In parallel, interoceptive inference theories of affective perception and self-consciousness are on the rise in cognitive science. However, thus far no formal theory has emerged to integrate these twin domains; instead, most extant work is conceptual in nature. Here, we introduce a formal model of cardiac active inference, which explains how ascending cardiac signals entrain exteroceptive sensory perception and uncertainty. Through simulated psychophysics, we reproduce the defensive startle reflex and commonly reported effects linking the cardiac cycle to affective behaviour. We further show that simulated ‘interoceptive lesions’ blunt affective expectations, induce psychosomatic hallucinations, and exacerbate biases in perceptual uncertainty. Through synthetic heart-rate variability analyses, we illustrate how the balance of arousal-priors and visceral prediction errors produces idiosyncratic patterns of physiological reactivity. Our model thus offers a roadmap for computationally phenotyping disordered brain-body interaction.

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Section: Synthetic Heart-rate Variability (Hrv) and Embodied Computat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

In the Body’s Eye: The computational anatomy of interoceptive inference

et al. 2022

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“…In this study, the instruction to not estimate the heartbeats occurrences and exclusively count the heartbeats felt was effective in 17 out 19 participants, according to the self-reports. It is worth mentioning that other interoceptive modalities have recently been explored, including breathing 110 , while other interoceptive sub-modalities are still under debate 5 . The heart rate has been reported as a confounding factor for measurements of interoceptive accuracy 27 and heartbeat-evoked potentials 29 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confounding effects of heart rate, breathing rate, and frontal fNIRS on interoception

Candia-Rivera

Sappia

Horschig³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Recent studies have established that cardiac and respiratory phases can modulate perception and related neural dynamics. While heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia possibly affect interoception biomarkers, such as heartbeat-evoked potentials, the relative changes in heart rate and cardiorespiratory dynamics in interoceptive processes have not yet been investigated. In this study, we investigated the variation in heart and breathing rates, as well as higher functional dynamics including cardiorespiratory correlation and frontal hemodynamics measured with fNIRS, during a heartbeat counting task. To further investigate the functional physiology linked to changes in vagal activity caused by specific breathing rates, we performed the heartbeat counting task together with a controlled breathing rate task. The results demonstrate that focusing on heartbeats decreases breathing and heart rates in comparison, which may be part of the physiological mechanisms related to “listening” to the heart, the focus of attention, and self-awareness. Focusing on heartbeats was also observed to increase frontal connectivity, supporting the role of frontal structures in the neural monitoring of visceral inputs. However, cardiorespiratory correlation is affected by both heartbeats counting and controlled breathing tasks. Based on these results, we concluded that variations in heart and breathing rates are confounding factors in the assessment of interoceptive abilities and relative fluctuations in breathing and heart rates should be considered to be a mode of covariate measurement of interoceptive processes.

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“…This could actually explain the positive association found between BPQ Body Awareness and IAS in the current dataset (Campos et al, 2021). Hence, there is still a need for future studies using novel and more reliable measures of interoception to assess its role in psychopathy, including not only self-report questionnaires (e.g., Interoception Attention Task; Gabriele et al, 2022) but also experimental tasks and neuronal correlates targeting different interoceptive pathways (e.g., Park and Blanke, 2019;Legrand et al, 2022;Nikolova et al, 2022) Summing up, the current study provided a hypothesis-driven endeavor to examine the complex interplay between psychopathy dimensions, empathy domains, and interoception, using established frameworks to conceptualize each construct and controlling for important confounders such as alexithymia. The different empathy profiles across psychopathy dimensions were fairly consistent with our hypotheses and further reinforce the importance of the boldness phenotype within the constellation of psychopathy traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociating Cognitive and Affective Empathy Across Psychopathy Dimensions: The Role of Interoception and Alexithymia

Campos¹,

Rocha²,

Barbosa³

2022

Preprint

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This study examined the associations between psychopathy dimensions (triarchic phenotypes and classical factors), empathy domains (cognitive and affective), and interoception (interoceptive attention and accuracy) while accounting for the putative role of alexithymia. A community sample (n=515) completed an online survey encompassing: Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (boldness, meanness, disinhibition); Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (primary and secondary psychopathy); Body Perception Questionnaire (interoceptive attention); Interoceptive Accuracy Scale; Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Hierarchical linear regression models were implemented for hypothesis-driven analyses examining the associations between psychopathy, empathy, and interoception while controlling for sex, age, and alexithymia. Exploratory path models were employed to investigate alexithymia and/or cognitive empathy as mediators between interoception and psychopathy. Our results largely confirmed the postulated empathy profiles across psychopathy dimensions, as meanness and primary psychopathy displayed a broad empathy impairment, while disinhibition and secondary psychopathy were only associated with diminished cognitive empathy. Importantly, boldness displayed a unique pattern (enhanced cognitive empathy and reduced affective empathy), further reinforcing its importance within the constellation of psychopathy traits. Contrary to our hypotheses, self-perceived interoceptive attention and accuracy were not associated with either psychopathy dimension after controlling for alexithymia. However, interoceptive accuracy and alexithymia were associated with cognitive empathy, while alexithymia was also positively related to all psychopathy dimensions (as expected), despite the unexpected strong and negative association with boldness. Exploratory analyses suggested significant indirect effects (mediation) between interoceptive accuracy and psychopathy via alexithymia and/or cognitive empathy. These mediating effects must be interpreted with caution and future studies should be designed to formally test this model.

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The respiratory resistance sensitivity task: An automated method for quantifying respiratory interoception and metacognition

Cited by 27 publications

References 67 publications

In the Body’s Eye: The computational anatomy of interoceptive inference

In the Body’s Eye: The computational anatomy of interoceptive inference

Confounding effects of heart rate, breathing rate, and frontal fNIRS on interoception

Dissociating Cognitive and Affective Empathy Across Psychopathy Dimensions: The Role of Interoception and Alexithymia

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