Abstract:This study observed the genotypic variation among Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) half-sib families’ susceptibility to Heterobasidion annosum. Scots pine susceptibility was tested in 12 half-sib families by inoculating them with four different H. annosum strains. At two, six, and ten months after the inoculations, the susceptibility indicators (incidence rate, pathogen spread, and mortality rate) were compared and the total phenolic compounds (TPC) in the inoculated and control groups determined using the Fol… Show more
“…Tree resistance to pathogens is related, in addition to genotype, to the general viability of trees, their physiological processes, and their ability to synthesize and mobilize secondary metabolites (SM), usually phenolic compounds, in tissues as defensive compounds (Witzell and Martín 2008;Sallas et al 2001;Marčiulynas et al 2019). Low molecular weight phenolics may function as precursors for the synthesis of defensive compounds e.g.…”
Five Scots pine ( L.) progeny field trials, each established in different Lithuanian regions of provenance in 1983, were studied. Each progeny field trial consists of 140 half-sib families from seven populations (20 families from each population). The evaluation was carried out in 2012 and 2018 to assess the families resistance to (Fr.) Bref. An index of resistance in the infected plots was calculated. To verify the accuracy of the method, total phenolic compounds (TPC) was chosen as key parameter to compare with the plant resistance index. During the six years between the two assessments, the percentage of living Scots pine trees in the progeny field trials decreased up to 20 percentage points (range: 4 p.p. to 20 p.p.). In 2018 the area of damaged plots (in percentage from total field trial area) varied from 17 to 27%. Tree mortality in the trial correlates with site soil fertility â more fertile soils were distinguished by higher tree percentage loss and . Using analysis from combined data of all progeny trials, the family variance component reached 13.3â±â2.2% and family heritability was 0.81. Family heritability estimates for root rot resistance show possibilities of high breeding effectiveness. The correlations between the trials in family resistance estimates were negligible (ranging from 0 to 0.28). The significant high correlation coefficient was determined between the resistance index and TPC concentration (â=â0.77, â=â0.0003). This allows us to assume that plant resistance is directly linked on TPC synthesis. The results indicate that the chosen methods of chemical resistance for identification of root rot-resistant genotypes are applicable for the selection of Scots pine half-sib families in the field trials with higher resistance to pathogens.Pinus sylvestrisHeterobasidion annosumH. annosumvice versarp
“…Tree resistance to pathogens is related, in addition to genotype, to the general viability of trees, their physiological processes, and their ability to synthesize and mobilize secondary metabolites (SM), usually phenolic compounds, in tissues as defensive compounds (Witzell and Martín 2008;Sallas et al 2001;Marčiulynas et al 2019). Low molecular weight phenolics may function as precursors for the synthesis of defensive compounds e.g.…”
Five Scots pine ( L.) progeny field trials, each established in different Lithuanian regions of provenance in 1983, were studied. Each progeny field trial consists of 140 half-sib families from seven populations (20 families from each population). The evaluation was carried out in 2012 and 2018 to assess the families resistance to (Fr.) Bref. An index of resistance in the infected plots was calculated. To verify the accuracy of the method, total phenolic compounds (TPC) was chosen as key parameter to compare with the plant resistance index. During the six years between the two assessments, the percentage of living Scots pine trees in the progeny field trials decreased up to 20 percentage points (range: 4 p.p. to 20 p.p.). In 2018 the area of damaged plots (in percentage from total field trial area) varied from 17 to 27%. Tree mortality in the trial correlates with site soil fertility â more fertile soils were distinguished by higher tree percentage loss and . Using analysis from combined data of all progeny trials, the family variance component reached 13.3â±â2.2% and family heritability was 0.81. Family heritability estimates for root rot resistance show possibilities of high breeding effectiveness. The correlations between the trials in family resistance estimates were negligible (ranging from 0 to 0.28). The significant high correlation coefficient was determined between the resistance index and TPC concentration (â=â0.77, â=â0.0003). This allows us to assume that plant resistance is directly linked on TPC synthesis. The results indicate that the chosen methods of chemical resistance for identification of root rot-resistant genotypes are applicable for the selection of Scots pine half-sib families in the field trials with higher resistance to pathogens.Pinus sylvestrisHeterobasidion annosumH. annosumvice versarp
“…One of the methods-genetic screening-can be biased, while controlled inoculation is expensive at large scale. Besides reported results from inoculation experiments allow to evaluate resistance against pathogen spread from already infected trees [15][16][17], but not the ability of trees to avoid infection. It would be beneficial (saving time and resources) to use existing trials with naturally occurring infection.…”
Increasing resistance against biotic and abiotic factors is an important goal of forest tree breeding. The aim of the present study was to develop a root rot resistance index for Scots pine breeding and evaluate its effectiveness. The productivity, branch diameter, branchiness, stem straightness, spike knots, and damage from natural infection of root rot in 154 Scots pine open-pollinated families from Latvia were evaluated through a progeny field trial at the age of 38 years. Trees with decline symptoms were sampled for fungal isolations. Based on this information and kriging estimates of root rot, 35 affected areas (average size: 108 m 2 ; total 28% from the 1.5 ha trial) were delineated. Resistance index of a single tree was formed based on family adjusted proportion of live to infected trees and distance to the center of affected area. Heritability for resistance to root rot based on the value of this index, was high (0.37) and comparable to indices of growth traits. Correlations of family breeding estimates between resistance to root rot and the other traits were not significant, except for a weak, yet significant, positive correlation with diameter at breast height and branch diameter. Selection index including only growth traits (height and stem volume) had a negligible effect on damage by root rot. We detected a maximum genetic gain in resistance index of 33.7% when incorporating it into the selection index with positive gains for growth traits (6.5-11.0%). Two-stage selection with prior selection of the most resistant families was not superior to the use of selection index with only rot resistance included. Overall; rot resistance index appeared to be an effective tool in tree breeding for the selection of more resistant families, using the existing trials with natural (uncontrolled) infection
“…Незважаючи на це, діагностування дерев для визначення їхньої резистентності до появи та розвитку осередків усихання в деревостані залишається складним. Так, використання генетичних маркерів резистентності сосни і ялини до кореневої губки не дає чіткої ідентифікації стійких генотипів, а ступінь сприйнятливості сосни до Heterobasidion annosum суттєво різниться й залежить від генотипу дерева-живителя та експресії генів, які пов'язані з метаболізмом та іншими функціями захисту клітин (Asiegbu et al 2003, Marčiulynas et al 2019. Таким чином, умовно стійкі дерева виявляють насамперед за допомогою морфологічних та фітопатологічних методів (Adomas et al 2007, Marčiulynas et al 2019.…”
unclassified
“…Так, використання генетичних маркерів резистентності сосни і ялини до кореневої губки не дає чіткої ідентифікації стійких генотипів, а ступінь сприйнятливості сосни до Heterobasidion annosum суттєво різниться й залежить від генотипу дерева-живителя та експресії генів, які пов'язані з метаболізмом та іншими функціями захисту клітин (Asiegbu et al 2003, Marčiulynas et al 2019. Таким чином, умовно стійкі дерева виявляють насамперед за допомогою морфологічних та фітопатологічних методів (Adomas et al 2007, Marčiulynas et al 2019. Виявлення хворих дерев сосни в осередках кореневої губки є значно простішим завданням, ніж визначення таких дерев у ялинових насадженнях, оскільки в сосни коренева губка поширюється не вище рівня кореневої шийки, утворюючи суцільну коренево-окоренкову гниль, а в ялини -піднімається ядром стовбура на висоту 5-6 м і на життєдіяльність дерева не впливає (Negrutskiy 1986), що заважає ідентифікації осередків до появи плодових тіл.…”
Висвітлено результати дослідження морфологічних та біометричних характеристик дерев сосни звичайної різного санітарного стану в уражених кореневою губкою насадженнях V і VI класів віку. В осередках усихання відібрано дерева без ознак ослаблення («стійкі») та з ознаками хвороби («хворі»), а в міжосередковому просторі – середні за таксаційними показниками дерева І категорії санітарного стану – контроль. Оцінювали якісні й кількісні характеристики шишок, насіння, крилаток (забарвлення, розміри, форму та масу). Розміри генеративних органів сосни з підвищеною резистентністю виявилися більшими, ніж у дерев із ознаками хвороби та контрольних, що є наслідком адаптації дерева до відкритого простору прогалини на тлі розвитку патологічних процесів і з генетичними особливостями сосни пов’язано мало. Дерева з підвищеною резистентністю в осередках усихання характеризуються суттєво більшою варіабельністю показників діаметра (Cv = 21,2…27,4 %), ніж «хворі» (Cv = 8,9…12,1 %).
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