The resistance of Micrococcus radiodurans to ultraviolet radiation

Setlow, Jane K.; Duggan, D. E.

doi:10.1016/0926-6550(64)90284-1

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As in the case of ionizing radiation-induced DSBs, the yields of UV-induced BPPs are similar for D. radiodurans and E. coli: 500 J/m 2 yields 14,000 and 19,500 BPPs/10 7 bases, respectively (428). This slight difference can be explained by a higher genomic pyrimidine dinucleotide frequency in E. coli, the 2-fold-higher TT frequency of which is linked to its lower GC content (428,554). It therefore appears that, similar to ionizing-radiation-induced DSBs, UV-induced BPPs are caused mainly by direct effects and are not determined by the cellular antioxidant status.…”

Section: Resistance Of D Radiodurans To Uv-c Radiationmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…radiodurans is extremely resistant to UV-C radiation (100 to 295 nm) and can efficiently repair UV-induced bipyrimidine photoproducts (BPPs): cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-(6-4)pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4 PPs) (554). The major BPP in UV-irradiated D. radiodurans is CPD TC (47.2%), while 6-4 PPs are least represented (428).…”

Section: Resistance Of D Radiodurans To Uv-c Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collapsed or stalled replication forks are eventually restored by recombination (322,333,411). Before DNA replication can resume, BPPs must be removed by excision repair (440,553,554). Following 500 J/m 2 of radiation, more than 80% of thymine-derived photoproducts are removed from D. radiodurans cells within 90 min (635) and appear in the form of di-and trinucleotides in the medium outside the cells (63).…”

Section: Resistance Of D Radiodurans To Uv-c Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative Stress Resistance inDeinococcus radiodurans

Slade

Radman

2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

646

639

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SUMMARY Deinococcus radiodurans is a robust bacterium best known for its capacity to repair massive DNA damage efficiently and accurately. It is extremely resistant to many DNA-damaging agents, including ionizing radiation and UV radiation (100 to 295 nm), desiccation, and mitomycin C, which induce oxidative damage not only to DNA but also to all cellular macromolecules via the production of reactive oxygen species. The extreme resilience of D. radiodurans to oxidative stress is imparted synergistically by an efficient protection of proteins against oxidative stress and an efficient DNA repair mechanism, enhanced by functional redundancies in both systems. D. radiodurans assets for the prevention of and recovery from oxidative stress are extensively reviewed here. Radiation- and desiccation-resistant bacteria such as D. radiodurans have substantially lower protein oxidation levels than do sensitive bacteria but have similar yields of DNA double-strand breaks. These findings challenge the concept of DNA as the primary target of radiation toxicity while advancing protein damage, and the protection of proteins against oxidative damage, as a new paradigm of radiation toxicity and survival. The protection of DNA repair and other proteins against oxidative damage is imparted by enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems dominated by divalent manganese complexes. Given that oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species is associated with aging and cancer, a comprehensive outlook on D. radiodurans strategies of combating oxidative stress may open new avenues for antiaging and anticancer treatments. The study of the antioxidation protection in D. radiodurans is therefore of considerable potential interest for medicine and public health.

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Section: Resistance Of D Radiodurans To Uv-c Radiationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resistance Of D Radiodurans To Uv-c Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resistance Of D Radiodurans To Uv-c Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative Stress Resistance inDeinococcus radiodurans

Slade

Radman

2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

646

639

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“…In exponential phase, D. radiodurans is 33-fold more resistant to UV than is E. coli (197). Compared to other organisms, the D. radiodurans DNA sustains the expected amount of damage in vivo at high irradiation doses, on the order of 150 to 200 double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) at 1.5 megarads per haploid chromosome under aerobic irradiation conditions, all of which are mended within hours following irradiation (53,107,123), nor is its DNA less susceptible than that of E. coli to UV in vivo (183). Furthermore, survivors of extreme ionizing radiation, UV, or bulky chemical-adduct exposures do not show any mutagenesis greater than that occurring after a single round of normal replication (197,198).…”

Section: Dna Damage Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Genome of the Extremely Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans Viewed from the Perspective of Comparative Genomics

Makarova

Aravind

Wolf

et al. 2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

646

612

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The bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans shows remarkable resistance to a range of damage caused by ionizing radiation, desiccation, UV radiation, oxidizing agents, and electrophilic mutagens. D. radiodurans is best known for its extreme resistance to ionizing radiation; not only can it grow continuously in the presence of chronic radiation (6 kilorads/h), but also it can survive acute exposures to gamma radiation exceeding 1,500 kilorads without dying or undergoing induced mutation. These characteristics were the impetus for sequencing the genome of D. radiodurans and the ongoing development of its use for bioremediation of radioactive wastes. Although it is known that these multiple resistance phenotypes stem from efficient DNA repair processes, the mechanisms underlying these extraordinary repair capabilities remain poorly understood. In this work we present an extensive comparative sequence analysis of the Deinococcus genome. Deinococcus is the first representative with a completely sequenced genome from a distinct bacterial lineage of extremophiles, the Thermus-Deinococcus group. Phylogenetic tree analysis, combined with the identification of several synapomorphies between Thermus and Deinococcus, supports the hypothesis that it is an ancient group with no clear affinities to any of the other known bacterial lineages. Distinctive features of the Deinococcus genome as well as features shared with other free-living bacteria were revealed by comparison of its proteome to the collection of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins. Analysis of paralogs in Deinococcus has revealed several unique protein families. In addition, specific expansions of several other families including phosphatases, proteases, acyltransferases, and Nudix family pyrophosphohydrolases were detected. Genes that potentially affect DNA repair and recombination and stress responses were investigated in detail. Some proteins appear to have been horizontally transferred from eukaryotes and are not present in other bacteria. For example, three proteins homologous to plant desiccation resistance proteins were identified, and these are particularly interesting because of the correlation between desiccation and radiation resistance. Compared to other bacteria, the D. radiodurans genome is enriched in repetitive sequences, namely, IS-like transposons and small intergenic repeats. In combination, these observations suggest that several different biological mechanisms contribute to the multiple DNA repair-dependent phenotypes of this organism

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“…[1][2][3] Two incision endonucleases, UV-endonucleases a and b, are reported to be involved in the initial incision of nucleotide excision repair (NER) in this bacterium. 4,5) The activity of UV-endonuclease a probably arises from UvrABC(D) complex, because uvrA mutants do not have such activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%