The Resistance and Virulence Characteristics of Salmonella Enteritidis Strain Isolated from Patients with Food Poisoning Based on the Whole-Genome Sequencing and Quantitative Proteomic Analysis

Abstract

Objective This paper explores the drug resistance, genome and proteome expression characteristics of Salmonella from a food poisoning event. Methods A multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis strain, labeled as 27A, was isolated and identified from a food poisoning patient. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing determined the resistance of 27A strain to 14 antibiotics. Then, WGS analysis and comparative genomics analysis were performed on 27A, and the functional annotation of resistance genes, virulence genes were performed based on VFDB, ARDB, COG, CARD, GO, KEGG, and CAZY databases. Meanwhile, based on iTRAQ technology, quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted on 27A to analyze the functions and interactions of differentially expressed proteins related to bacterial resistance and pathogenicity. Results Strain 27A belonged to ST11 S . Enteritidis and was resistant to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, piperacillin, and ampicillin/sulbactam. There were 33 drug resistance genes, 384 virulence genes and 2 plasmid replicon, IncFIB(S) and IncFII(S), annotated by WGS. Proteomic analysis revealed significant changes in virulence and drug proteins, which were mainly involved in bacterial pathogenicity and metabolic processes. PPI prediction showed the relationship between virulence proteins and T3SS proteins, and PagN cooperated with proteins related to T3SS to jointly mediate the invasion of 27A strain on the human body. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that S . Enteritidis has potential transmission in humans, food, and animals. Conclusion This study comprehensively analyzed the drug resistance and virulence phenotypes of S . Enteritidis 27A using genomic and proteomic approaches. These helps reveal the drug resistance and virulence mechanisms of S . Enteritidis, and provides important information for the source tracing and the prevention of related diseases, which lays a foundation for research on food safety, public health monitoring, and the drug resistance and pathogenicity of S . Enteritidis.

Antimicrobial resistance and genome characteristics of Salmonella enteritidis from Huzhou, China

“…In this study, MLST analysis showed that all 43 strains of S . enteritidis were ST11 type, and included seven housekeeping genes, consistent with a previous report [ 41 , 42 ]. The results indicated close correlations between sporadic S .…”

“…MLST is a classical bacterial molecular typing technique widely used to identify relationships among bacterial clones [40]. In this study, MLST analysis showed that all 43 strains of S. enteritidis were ST11 type, and included seven housekeeping genes, consistent with a previous report [41,42]. The results indicated close correlations between sporadic S. enteritidis in Huzhou.…”

Isolation, Identification, Antimicrobial Resistance, Genotyping, and Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from a Food-Poisoning Incident

“…These findings were consistent with the results presented in the present study. In this food poisoning incident, an ST11 S. enterica 27A strain had been previously isolated ( Xu et al 2023 ). It shares the same genotype, serotype, and plasmid replicon as the 21A strain in this study, but the clinical symptoms caused by the two strains have slight differences.…”