The Residual Risk Reduction Initiative: A Call to Action to Reduce Residual Vascular Risk in Patients with Dyslipidemia

Fruchart, Jean‐Charles; Sacks, Frank M.; Hermans, Michel P.; Assmann, Gerd; Brown, W. Virgil; Češka, R.; Chapman, M. John; Dodson, P M; Fioretto, Paola; Ginsberg, Henry N.; Kadowaki, Takashi; Lablanche, Jean‐Marc; Marx, Nikolaus; Plutzky, Jorge; Reiner, Željko; Rosenson, Robert S.; Staels, Bart; Stock, Jane; Sy, Rody G.; Wanner, Christoph; Zambón, Alberto; Zimmet, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.10.002

Cited by 373 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 316 publications

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“…Recently, it was reported about the new concept of "residual cardiovascular risk" [10]. The analysis of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S trial) showed a significant reduction of CV events in patients treated with simvastatin, but there was still a 20% CVD rate in these subjects [11].…”

Section: Type 2 Diabetes and Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslipidemia and Diabetes: Reciprocal Impact of Impaired Lipid Metabolism and Beta-Cell Dysfunction on Micro- and Macrovascular Complications

Rotella²,

2012

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■ AbstractPatients with diabetes frequently exhibit the combined occurrence of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Published data on their coexistence are often controversial. Some studies provide evidence for suboptimal lifestyle and exogenous hyperinsulinism at "mild insulin resistance" in adult diabetic patients as main pathogenic factors. In contrast, other studies confirm that visceral adiposity and insulin resistance are the basic features of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The consequence is an excess of free fatty acids, which causes hepatic gluconeogenesis to increase, metabolism in muscles to shift from glucose to lipid, beta-cell lipotoxicity, and an appearance of the classical "lipid triad", without real hypercholesterolemia. Recently, it has been proposed that cholesterol homeostasis is important for an adequate insulin secretory performance of beta-cells. The accumulation of cholesterol in beta-cells, caused by defective high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with reduced cholesterol efflux, induces hyperglycemia, impaired insulin secretion, and beta-cell apoptosis. Data from animal models and humans, including humans with Tangier disease, who are characterized by very low HDL cholesterol levels, are frequently associated with hyperglycemia and T2D. Thus, there is a reciprocal influence of dyslipidemia on beta-cell function and inversely of beta-cell dysfunction on lipid metabolism and micro-and macrovascular complications. It remains to be clarified how these different but mutually influencing adverse effects act in together to define measures for a more effective prevention and treatment of micro-and macrovascular complications in diabetes patients. While the control of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the level of HDL cholesterol are determinant targets for the reduction of cardiovascular risk, based on recent data, these targets should also be considered for the prevention of betacell dysfunction and the development of type 2 diabetes. In this review, we analyze consolidated data and recent advances on the relationship between lipid metabolism and diabetes mellitus, with particular attention to the reciprocal effects of the two features of the disease and the development of vascular complications.

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Section: Type 2 Diabetes and Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslipidemia and Diabetes: Reciprocal Impact of Impaired Lipid Metabolism and Beta-Cell Dysfunction on Micro- and Macrovascular Complications

Rotella²,

2012

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“…ХС-ЛПВП входят в комплекс липидных нарушений, описываемый «триадой», включающей повы-шенные концентрации триглицеридов, наличие малых, плотных и крайне атерогенных частиц ЛПНП и сниженные уровни ХС-ЛПВП . Низкая концентрация ХС-ЛПВП как фактор ИБС может даже конкурировать с гиперхолестери-немией (вследствие высоких значений ХС-ЛПНП) [479] .…”

Section: холестерин липопротеинов высокой плотностиunclassified

“…Секвестранты желчных кислот снижают уровни общего ХС и ХС-ЛПНП, но способны повышать концентрацию триглицеридов . Фибраты и ниа-цин преимущественно применяются для снижения уровня триглицеридов и повышения концентрации ХС-ЛПВП, в то же время рыбий жир (ω-3 полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты) в дозе 2-4 г/сутки используется для снижения содержания триглицеридов [479,499] .…”

Section: лекарственные препаратыunclassified

A Ten Year Overview of Surgical and Interventional Arrhythmology in Russia. Service Peculiar Features in the Far East

Богачевская¹,

Bogachevskiy²

2017

Soc.Asp.Pop.Hlth

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“…Residual risk indicates that serum lipoprotein abnormalities persist after conventional treatment goals have been achieved [12]. The risk factors include altered lipoprotein particle size distribution, a modified apolipoprotein component, and altered activity of lipoprotein-associated enzymes [13].…”

Section: Current Approaches To Diabetic Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers in the Treatment of Diabetic Dyslipidemia

Wang

Hsieh

et al. 2013

Rev Diabet Stud

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■ AbstractDyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular complications in people with diabetes. Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels is effective in the primary and secondary prevention of diabetic vascular complications. However, LDL-C levels do not reflect all aspects of diabetic dyslipidemia, which is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Statins, nicotinic acid, and fibrates play a role in treating diabetic dyslipidemia. Atherosclerosis is a major disorder of the blood vessel wall in patients with diabetes. A number of antihyperlipidemic agents may be beneficial and exhibit effects at the actual site of vascular disease and not only on plasma lipoprotein concentrations. Several novel therapeutic compounds are currently being developed. These include additional therapeutics for LDL-C, triglycerides, HDL-C, and modulators of inflammation that can be used as possible synergic agents for the treatment of atherosclerosis and irregularities in plasma lipoprotein concentrations.

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The Residual Risk Reduction Initiative: A Call to Action to Reduce Residual Vascular Risk in Patients with Dyslipidemia

Cited by 373 publications

References 316 publications

Dyslipidemia and Diabetes: Reciprocal Impact of Impaired Lipid Metabolism and Beta-Cell Dysfunction on Micro- and Macrovascular Complications

Dyslipidemia and Diabetes: Reciprocal Impact of Impaired Lipid Metabolism and Beta-Cell Dysfunction on Micro- and Macrovascular Complications

A Ten Year Overview of Surgical and Interventional Arrhythmology in Russia. Service Peculiar Features in the Far East

New Frontiers in the Treatment of Diabetic Dyslipidemia

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