The Requirements for Ca2+, Protein Phosphorylation, and Dephosphorylation for Ethylene Signal Transduction in Piswn sativum L.

Kwak, Su-Hwan

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029099

Cited by 36 publications

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“…There is, however, evidence that ethylene induces a rapid and transient protein phosphorylation in tobacco leaves, and a protein kinase inhibitor, H-7,1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine, blocked ethylene-induced pathogenesis-related protein accumulation (Raz and Fluhr, 1993). A rapid change in the pattern of protein phosphorylation was also induced by ethylene in pea epicotyls (Berry et al, 1996) and H-7-sensitive protein kinase(s) was found to be involved in ethylene-induced protein phosphorylation in pea seedlings (Kwak and Lee, 1997). In aerated roots, ethylene increased L p within 15 min (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphorylation of the aquaporins has been suggested to be the likely mechanism controlling water permeation through the cell membranes (Maurel, 1997; Johansson et al, 1998). There is evidence that plasma membrane aquaporin PM28A from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves is a phosphoprotein and that its phosphorylation is carried out by a Ca 2ϩ -dependent membrane-bound protein kinase (Johansson et al, 1996).Ethylene has been shown to induce very rapid and transient protein phosphorylation with the involvement of Ca 2ϩ -dependent specific protein kinases in the induction of pathogenesis related genes in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves (Raz and Fluhr, 1993), epicotyl shortening in peas (Pisum sativum; Berry et al, 1996), and in the accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase transcript in pea plants (Kwak and Lee, 1997). The ethylene-induced phosphorylation in pea tissues (Berry et al, 1996;Kwak and Lee, 1997) and in mung bean (Vigna radiata) hypocotyls (Kim et al, 1997) was inhibited with the application of a protein kinase inhibitor, okadaic acid.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The ethylene-induced phosphorylation in pea tissues (Berry et al, 1996;Kwak and Lee, 1997) and in mung bean (Vigna radiata) hypocotyls (Kim et al, 1997) was inhibited with the application of a protein kinase inhibitor, okadaic acid. Okadaic acid also inhibited the phosphorylation of aquaporin phosphoprotein PM28A in spinach leaves (Johansson et al, 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Ethylene has been shown to induce very rapid and transient protein phosphorylation with the involvement of Ca 2ϩ -dependent specific protein kinases in the induction of pathogenesis related genes in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves (Raz and Fluhr, 1993), epicotyl shortening in peas (Pisum sativum; Berry et al, 1996), and in the accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase transcript in pea plants (Kwak and Lee, 1997). The ethylene-induced phosphorylation in pea tissues (Berry et al, 1996;Kwak and Lee, 1997) and in mung bean (Vigna radiata) hypocotyls (Kim et al, 1997) was inhibited with the application of a protein kinase inhibitor, okadaic acid.…”

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Ethylene Enhances Water Transport in Hypoxic Aspen

Kamaluddin

Zwiazek

2002

Plant Physiology

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Water transport was examined in solution culture grown seedlings of aspen (Populus tremuloides) after short-term exposures of roots to exogenous ethylene. Ethylene significantly increased stomatal conductance, root hydraulic conductivity (L p ), and root oxygen uptake in hypoxic seedlings. Aerated roots that were exposed to ethylene also showed enhanced L p . An ethylene action inhibitor, silver thiosulphate, significantly reversed the enhancement of L p by ethylene. A short-term exposure of excised roots to ethylene significantly enhanced the root water flow (Q v ), measured by pressurizing the roots at 0.3 MPa. The Q v values in ethylene-treated roots declined significantly when 50 m HgCl 2 was added to the root medium and this decline was reversed by the addition of 20 mm 2-mercaptoethanol. The results suggest that the response of Q v to ethylene involves mercury-sensitive water channels and that root-absorbed ethylene enhanced water permeation through roots, resulting in an increase in root water transport and stomatal opening in hypoxic seedlings.Hypoxia, a condition of oxygen deficiency in plant roots, is the main consequence of flooding or waterlogging. Plants respond to hypoxia with reduced root permeability, closure of stomata, hypertrophy of lenticels, epinasty, formation of aerenchyma, and adventitious roots (Vartapetian and Jackson, 1997). Ethylene accumulation is often assumed to be the factor responsible for many of the responses observed in plants exposed to hypoxia (Mattoo and Suttle, 1991; Abeles et al., 1992). Hypoxia induces the formation in roots of the immediate precursor of ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, which is transported in the xylem to the shoots and there rapidly oxidized to ethylene (Mattoo and Suttle, 1991). The synthesis of ethylene and the response of plants to ethylene differ among tissues and different plant species (Abeles et al., 1992), and can be affected by different internal and environmental factors (Sharp et al., 2000; Grichko and Glick, 2001).The effects of ethylene on stomatal closure are not clear. Several studies on the effects of exogenous ethylene on stomatal movements demonstrated differential responses between the examined species (Taylor and Gunderson, 1986; Woodrow et al., 1988; Gunderson and Taylor, 1991; Abeles et al., 1992). Exogenous ethylene is known to increase membrane permeability in petal cells (Mayak et al., 1977; Borochov and Woodson, 1989); however, its impact on cell-to-cell water transport has not been thoroughly examined.Water transport across intact higher plant cell membranes occurs predominantly through water channels (aquaporins; Chrispeels et al., 1997). Aquaporins are located in root cell membranes (Chrispeels and Maurel, 1994) at a high density (Johansson et al., 1998). In our previous work (Wan and Zwiazek, 1999, 2001;Kamaluddin and Zwiazek, 2001), we showed that the root water channels in aspen (Populus tremuloides) and Cornus stolonifera rapidly responded to changes in root metabolism. Phosphorylation of the aquapor...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethylene Enhances Water Transport in Hypoxic Aspen

Kamaluddin

Zwiazek

2002

Plant Physiology

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“…In tobacco, ethylene induces the expression of basic pathogenesisrelated (PR) genes by a calcium-dependent pathway that requires protein phosphorylation Fluhr, 1992, 1993). Calcium could influence the ethylene biosynthesis by affecting ACC oxidase transcription (Kwak and Lee, 1997) and its activity (Gallardo et al, 1999). Calcium also regulates the ethylene-dependent pathway of the PR gene induction that is required for the ethylene-promoted morphogenic responses in seedling (Raz and Fluhr, 1992).…”

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Capsicum annuumTobacco Mosaic Virus-Induced Clone 1 Expression Perturbation Alters the Plant's Response to Ethylene and Interferes with the Redox Homeostasis

Shin

Park

et al. 2004

Plant Physiology

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Capsicum annuum tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-induced clone 1 (CaTin1) gene was expressed early during incompatible interaction of hot pepper (Caspsicum annuum) plants with TMV and Xanthomonas campestris. RNA-blot analysis showed that CaTin1 gene was expressed only in roots in untreated plants and induced mainly in leaf in response to ethylene, NaCl, and methyl viologen but not by salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate. The ethylene dependence of CaTin1 induction upon TMV inoculation was demonstrated by the decrease of CaTin1 expression in response to several inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis or its action. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants expressing CaTin1 gene in sense-or antisense-orientation showed interesting characteristics such as the accelerated growth and the enhanced resistance to biotic as well as abiotic stresses. Such characteristics appear to be caused by the elevated level of ethylene and H 2 O 2 . Moreover, in transgenic plants expressing antisense CaTin1 gene, the expression of some pathogenesis-related genes was enhanced constitutively, which may be mainly due to the increased ethylene level. The promoter of CaTin1 has four GCC-boxes, two AT-rich regions, and an elicitor-inducible W-box. The induction of the promoter activity by ethylene depends on GCC-boxes and by TMV on W-box. Taken together, we propose that the CaTin1 up-regulation or down-regulation interferes with the redox balance of plants leading to the altered response to ethylene and biotic as well as abiotic stresses.Multiple preformed antimicrobial compounds contribute to the constitutive defense machinery of plants against pathogenic organisms. In addition, plants can trigger the inducible defense programs upon the perception of invaders. The early signaling molecules leading to R-gene-mediated resistance are ion fluxes, GTP-binding proteins, protein kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases (Hammond-Kosack and Jones, 1996). Plants also respond to external stimuli such as microbial elicitors of cell death and/or defense responses by changing the calcium influx of the cell (Ebel and Scheel, 1997;Higgins et al., 1998). The increase of cytosolic calcium leads to cell death, which seems necessary for hypersensitive cell death triggered by rust fungi (Xu and Heath, 1998). The calcium channel blocker La 31 , on the other hand, prevents the bacteriainduced hypersensitive response (HR) in soybean (Glycine max) leaves (Levine et al., 1996). The burst in the oxidative metabolism generated within minutes of infection leads to the accumulation of the reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) such as H 2 O 2 and superoxide anion (O 2 d 2 ), involving NADPH-dependent oxidase. ROI serve as signaling molecules, for example in the recognition of the attack by fungal pathogens (Lamb and Dixon, 1997).Ethylene is widely known to modulate the organ senescence induced by various stress factors such as plant pathogens (Moore et al., 2000), O 3 2 (Pell et al., 1997), and hypoxia (He et al., 1996). O 3 2 induces genes involved in the ethylene biosynthes...

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A Calmodulin Binding Protein from Arabidopsis Is Induced by Ethylene and Contains a DNA-Binding Motif

Reddy

Golovkin

2000

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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The Requirements for Ca2+, Protein Phosphorylation, and Dephosphorylation for Ethylene Signal Transduction in Piswn sativum L.

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Ethylene Enhances Water Transport in Hypoxic Aspen

Ethylene Enhances Water Transport in Hypoxic Aspen

Capsicum annuumTobacco Mosaic Virus-Induced Clone 1 Expression Perturbation Alters the Plant's Response to Ethylene and Interferes with the Redox Homeostasis

A Calmodulin Binding Protein from Arabidopsis Is Induced by Ethylene and Contains a DNA-Binding Motif

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