The Requirement for Hydrocortisone in Antibody-Forming Tissue Cultivated in Serum-Free Medium

Ambrose, Charles T.

doi:10.1084/jem.119.6.1027

Cited by 77 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Low levels of GCs are necessary in cell culture to obtain optimal in vitro Ab production (12). However, the literature is contradictory beyond this permissive effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Glucocorticoids Play a Positive Regulatory Role in the Anti-Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin In Vivo Antibody Response

Fleshner¹,

Deak

Nguyen

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly reported to be immunosuppressive. Studies that support this involve the administration of synthetic GCs such as dexamethasone at high pharmacological doses and using in vitro assay systems that may have limited relevance to the role of GCs during normal in vivo immune responses. Therefore, the following experiments tested the conclusion that GCs are generally immunosuppressive. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats received adrenalectomy (ADX) or sham surgery. ADX rats were given either basal corticosterone (CORT) replacement in their drinking water (25 μg/ml) or no CORT. Rats were immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and blood samples were taken. ADX rats with no CORT replacement had reduced anti-KLH IgM and IgG responses compared with sham-operated controls. ADX rats that received basal CORT replacement had partially restored anti-KLH IgM, but still had suppressed anti-KLH IgG. Administration of GC receptor type I (RU28318) and type II (RU40555) receptor antagonists also reduced the anti-KLH IgM and IgG responses. ADX rats that received both basal CORT replacement and low dose injections of CORT on days 5 and 7 after KLH had anti-KLH IgG levels equal to those of sham-operated controls. Finally, the GC elevation 4–7 days after immunization may play a role in stimulating the IgM to IgG2a switch. GC receptor blockade reduced the anti-KLH IgG2a and splenic IFN-γ, but not the anti-KLH IgG1, response. Given that IFN-γ is an important regulator of the IgM to IgG2a switch, it is possible that the small rise in GC found 4–7 days after KLH facilitates IgG2a isotype switching.

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“…Low levels of GCs are necessary in cell culture to obtain optimal in vitro Ab production (12). However, the literature is contradictory beyond this permissive effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Glucocorticoids Play a Positive Regulatory Role in the Anti-Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin In Vivo Antibody Response

Fleshner¹,

Deak

Nguyen

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

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“…In addition to Col, irradiation (38)(39)(40)(41) and other pharmacological agents including corticosteroids (32)(33)(34)(35), cyelophosphamide (27)(28)(29)(30)(31), and indomethaein (36) have been reported to serve as adjuvants for humoral and cellular-immune responses possibly by interfering with suppressor cells. Of these agents that may selectively inhibit suppressor cells, Col may have the greatest potential for use as an adjuvant.…”

Section: Inability Of Col Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacological agents known to serve as adjuvants may increase immune responsiveness by inhibiting the generation or action of suppressor cells. Agents that have been demonstrated to interfere with suppressor cells affecting humoral or cellular-immune responses include cyclophosphamide (27)(28)(29)(30)(31), corticosteroids (32)(33)(34)(35), indomethacin (36), and colchicine (Col) (37). Sublethal doses of irradiation can also increase immune responsiveness (38)(39)(40)(41), possibly by disturbing cellular division of radiosensitive-suppressor cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction and mode of action of suppressor cells generated against human gamma globulin. II. Effects of colchicine.

Parks¹,

Shaller²,

Weigle³

1979

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The ability of colchicine (Col) to interfere with suppressor cells specific for the soluble protein antigen human gamma globulin (HGG) has been examined. This interference may be the mechanism of the adjuvanticity promoted by Col. When injected into A/J mice at the appropriate time and concentration, both Col and cyclophosphamide promoted an adjuvant increase in the plaque-forming cell response to 100 micrograms of immunogenic, aggregated HGG. Col abrogated both the induction of suppressor cells when injected with 3 h of tolerization with deaggregated (DHGG) and the expression of previously induced suppressor cells when injected with the antigenic challenge. Interference with the generation and expression of antigen-specific suppressor cells had no detectable effects on the immunologic unresponsive state to HGG. Col did not interfere with the induction of tolerance at a dose (1 mg/kg) that abolished the generation of suppressor cells. Furthermore, the absence of colchicine-sensitive-suppressor cells during the establishment of tolerance had no observable effect on the duration of unresponsivness in either helper T- or B-lymphocyte populations. Finally, Col was not able to terminate the unresponsive state established by DHGG even when responsive splenic B cells could be demonstrated in tolerant animals. These data indicate that suppressor cells are not required for the establishment and maintenance of the unresponsive state to this antigen.

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“…In fetuses of mammals, GCs were shown to stimulatc terminal differentiation of the lung and liver. Differentiation of the lung was accelerated by the hydrocortisone treatment at the late stages of fetal development of shecp and rabbit (1 1,22,25). For instance, direct injection of GC into rabbit fetuses and amniotic sacs resulted in accelerated histological differentiation of the lung and increased surfactants possibly preventing collapse of newborn infant lungs when expanding with air (22,25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Glucocorticoids in Terminal Differentiation and Tissue-Specific Function (A Review)

1976

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are required by many kinds of organs, tissues and cells for initiation or maintenance of their specific functions in uivo and in uirro. It is noticeable that most of these GC actions can be induced at much lower levels of dosage or concentration than the well-known actions of the steroids in gluconeogenesis, immune suppression and anti-inflammation. Such "differentiation-stimulating'' actions of GC are regarded as main physiological roles of the steroid.Glucocorticoids (GCs)***, as the name implies, have long been well known for the stimulatory effects on gluconeogenesis in the liver and for the catabolic effects on such peripheral tissues as the skeletal muscle and thymus. For these actions, GCs may perhaps participate in regulation of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism of the body (5). In large doses, GCs are known also t o act as potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents (2,14). During the past 10-1 5 years many other GC actions on a number of target tissues have been found. It is now n o exaggeration t o say that every tissue of the body is the target of GCs. GCs act on many tissues and the mode of action in one tissue is different t o that in another (27). It seems unreasonable to attribute all these actions t o the regulation of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism of the body. Hence, it is interesting t o look for a common physiological meaning of GC actions from another standpoint. From the accumulated works in this field and our own experience concerning the effect of hydrocortisone on epidermal keratinization, we have entertained a view that GCs may play a general role in induction of the specific functions of various tissues at the final stage of development (terminal differentiation (45)) and in maintenance of these functions after birth. Many instances listed in Table 1 support the view. Induction by GCs of terminal dij"ferentiation in the embryonic developmentMost typical examples of such GC actions are precocious induction by the hormone of terminal differentiation in the small intestine (34, 35), epidermis (24,49, 50, 51, 52), neural ***The steroid hormones of the adrenal cortex are classified into two groups,mineralocorticoids and GCs. Mineralocorticoids exert well-defined effects on the metabolism of electrolytes, and thus on water metabolism. GCs exert effects on the metabolism of protein, carbohydrate and fat, and are characterized chemically by their oxygen atom attached to C-11 of the nucleus. Typical natural GCs are corticosterone and hydrocortisone. The major GC varies with animal species and their ages. Hydrocortisone is the major GC for man, monkey, dog and guinea pig, while corticosterone is the major one for hamster, mouse, rabbit and rat. In adult chickens corticosterone is the major GC, but in their embryonic age about equal amounts of corticosterone and hydrocortisone are secreted. 319

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The Requirement for Hydrocortisone in Antibody-Forming Tissue Cultivated in Serum-Free Medium

Cited by 77 publications

References 44 publications

Endogenous Glucocorticoids Play a Positive Regulatory Role in the Anti-Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin In Vivo Antibody Response

Endogenous Glucocorticoids Play a Positive Regulatory Role in the Anti-Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin In Vivo Antibody Response

Induction and mode of action of suppressor cells generated against human gamma globulin. II. Effects of colchicine.

Role of Glucocorticoids in Terminal Differentiation and Tissue-Specific Function (A Review)

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