The reproductive behavior of golden monkeys in captivity (Rhinopithecus roxellana roxellana)

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The reproductive behavior of two captive harem breeding groups of golden monkeys was observed over one mating season and compared to non-seasonal reproductive behavior. Observation of over two thousand sexual interactions suggests that 1) females were responsible for 95% of all sexual solicitations (proceptive behavior), of which the typical pattern was prostration, while males were responsible for only 5070; 2) 17% of female solicitations were interrupted by another female; 3) 52% of female solicitations resulted in mounting by males; 4) the frequencies of solicitations and receipt of mounts and ejaculations varied greatly among females; 5) the frequency of ejaculations, the ratio of ejaculations to mountings, and ejaculation patterns were different between two males, and 6) the golden monkey is a seasonal breeding animal.

Development of Sexual Morphology, Physiology and Behaviour in Sichuan Golden Monkeys, Rhinopithecus roxellana

“…In Sichuan golden monkeys, we agree with the finding that most sexual behaviour is initiated by females [5]. Typically, the female prostrated herself on a perch or the ground, lying ventrally with her head hanging down, her forearms stretched out, her legs cureld up and her anogenital region (primarily) turned towards the male.…”

“…Some studies have looked at the sexual morphology, physiology and behavior of this species [1][2][3][4][5], but no work has yet been carried out on the development of these aspects. For example, adult males display several secondary sexual characters such as large canine teeth, upper-lip warts and long hair on their back, but there are no reports about the ages at which these sexual morphological characters are displayed, nor when mating and ejaculation first occur.…”

Extra-Unit Sexual Behaviour among Wild Sichuan Snub-Nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the Qinling Mountains of China

“…In this study, we found that females used the same solicitation gesture -'prostration' [Ren et al, 1995] -to all the extra-unit males. The posture of prostration entails lying on a perch ventrally with the head hanging down, the forearms stretched out or bent, the legs curled up and the tail dropping down freely.…”

Mating behavior and birth seasonality of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (<I>Rhinopithecus bieti</I>) at Mt. Lasha

“…roxellana: Ren et al, , 2002Colobus badius: Struhsaker, 1975;N. larvatus: Yeager, 1990)。 笼养雄性以伴有特别叫声、露齿动颌表情邀配 (Cui et al, 2006), 这在疣猴亚科其他物种中亦有报 道 (P. nemaeus: Kavanagh, 1978;Lippold, 1998;R. roxellana : Qi, 1988;Ren et al, 1995 (Xiang & Sayers, 2009)，因此, 黑白 仰鼻猴交配模式的主体应为 MME 或处于从 SME 到 MME 连续谱上段 (Cui et al, 2006)。这与疣猴亚 科其他物种的报道一致 (Presbytis entellus: Hrdy, 1977;P. cristata, P. johnii, C. badius, C. guereza: Hrdy & Whitten, 1987;R.…”