“…We categorized small house flies as 'small flies', although in the Landcare Research protocol they were counted as a 'big fly'. Male A. manicatum were recorded as flower visitors when it was clear they were patrolling (see Severinghaus et al 1981) the area of plant that was being observed.…”
Section: Flower Visitor Communitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although individual bees only maintain territories for 4Á7 days (Severinghaus et al 1981), as bees were not tagged it was not possible to know if we were observing the same male bee on different days. Therefore, we treated a bee observed on a different day as an independent observation.…”
Introduced pollinator species may exacerbate the problems faced by pollinator communities, so the detection in 2006 of a new solitary bee, Anthidium manicatum, to New Zealand was concerning. We assess whether establishment of this wool-carder bee presents potential risks to native flora and fauna by recording its current distribution, which plant species it visits, which insects co-occur at these plants, and identifying which species this territorial bee attacks. Anthidium manicatum is now widespread in urban New Zealand. More than 80% of the plants visited by A. manicatum were exotic species (predominantly Lamiaceae and Plantaginaceae), although it also visited native species of Veronica (Plantaginaceae) and Lobelia (Campanulaceae). Anthidium manicatum primarily interacted with other introduced bees. Native Lasioglossum bees were seldom attacked and only for short durations. Further research is required, particularly on weeds, but we suggest that A. manicatum does not present a major direct threat to New Zealand's native flora and fauna.
“…We categorized small house flies as 'small flies', although in the Landcare Research protocol they were counted as a 'big fly'. Male A. manicatum were recorded as flower visitors when it was clear they were patrolling (see Severinghaus et al 1981) the area of plant that was being observed.…”
Section: Flower Visitor Communitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although individual bees only maintain territories for 4Á7 days (Severinghaus et al 1981), as bees were not tagged it was not possible to know if we were observing the same male bee on different days. Therefore, we treated a bee observed on a different day as an independent observation.…”
Introduced pollinator species may exacerbate the problems faced by pollinator communities, so the detection in 2006 of a new solitary bee, Anthidium manicatum, to New Zealand was concerning. We assess whether establishment of this wool-carder bee presents potential risks to native flora and fauna by recording its current distribution, which plant species it visits, which insects co-occur at these plants, and identifying which species this territorial bee attacks. Anthidium manicatum is now widespread in urban New Zealand. More than 80% of the plants visited by A. manicatum were exotic species (predominantly Lamiaceae and Plantaginaceae), although it also visited native species of Veronica (Plantaginaceae) and Lobelia (Campanulaceae). Anthidium manicatum primarily interacted with other introduced bees. Native Lasioglossum bees were seldom attacked and only for short durations. Further research is required, particularly on weeds, but we suggest that A. manicatum does not present a major direct threat to New Zealand's native flora and fauna.
“…Moreover, within a species there is empirical support for the notion of large male mating advantage in male-territorial species (e.g. A. manicatum, Severinghaus et al, 1981;Starks and Reeve, 1999), but a lack of (e.g. Colletes cunicularius, Larsson and Tengö, 1989;O.…”
-Considerable interspecific diversity exists among bees in the rendezvous sites where males search for females and in the behaviours employed by males in their efforts to secure matings. I present an evolutionary framework in which to interpret this variation, and highlight the importance for the framework of (i) the distribution of receptive (typically immediate post-emergence) females, which ordinarily translates into the distribution of nests, and (ii) the density of competing males. Other than the highly polyandrous honey bees (Apis), most female bees are thought to be monandrous, though genetic data with which to support this view are generally lacking. Given the opportunity, male bees are typically polygamous. I highlight intraspecific diversity in rendezvous site, male behaviour and mating system, which is in part predicted from the conceptual framework. Finally, I suggest that inbreeding may be far more widespread among bees than has hitherto been considered the case.Apoidea / rendezvous site / scramble competition / territoriality / inbreeding
“…In these insects, large males often have a greater mating success than smaller males (e.g. Alcock et al, 1977;Emlen, 1997;Forsyth & Alcock, 1990;Serveringhaus et al, 1981). In contrast, variance in reproductive success is smaller among females than among males, and usually competition for mates is less intense in females (Davies, 1991).…”
Abstract. Ptomascopus morio of both sexes are attracted to vertebrate carcasses, a necessary resource for reproduction. The stage during reproduction that resource defense was most intense and the hypothesis that large beetles were better competitors and sired a larger share of the offspring were supported and tested. Male-male aggression (pushing, biting and mounting) was commonly observed before and during oviposition, but rarely after the larvae hatched. Few female-female aggressive interactions were observed at any time. Parentage analysis of the offspring of six groups of two males and two females each reproducing on a separate carcass revealed that the large males sired more of the offspring than small males. Paternity analysis, using AFLP markers, revealed that larger males had higher paternity than smaller males, but the number of eggs produced by each female did not differ between large and small females. This suggests that competition among males is intense until the end of oviposition and that resident (large) males can acquire more mates and sire more offspring than smaller males; competition among females was not evident at any time.
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