The Reproduction and Morphogeny in Codium fragile

Arasaki, Seibin; Tokuda, Hiroshi; Fujiyama, Kazue

doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.69.39

Cited by 21 publications

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“…Spongy thalli contain numerous chloroplasts and an inner structure of intertwined colorless medullary filaments (Arasaki et al 1956;Borden and Stein 1969;Yoshida 1998). The filamentous thallus consists of fine-branched filaments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The filamentous thallus consists of fine-branched filaments. Filamentous thalli have been observed in the field (Arasaki et al 1956;Fletcher et al 1989;Borden and Stein 1969), and are formed from isolated utricles, medullary filaments, zygotes and parthenogenetic female gametes of the spongy thalli (Borden and Stein 1969;Ramus 1972;Park and Sohn 1992;Yang et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cultivation of the green alga, Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, by artificial seed production in Korea

2007

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Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot is an edible green alga farmed in Korea using seed stock produced from regeneration of isolated utricles and medullary filaments. Experiments were conducted to reveal the optimal conditions for nursery culture and out-growing of C. fragile. Sampling and measurement of underwater irradiance were carried out at farms cultivating C. fragile at Wando, on the southwestern coast of Korea, from October 2004 to August 2005. Growth of erect thalli and underwater irradiance were measured over a range of depths for three culture stages. During the nursery cultivation stage (Stage I), growth rate was greatest at 0.5 m depth (0.055±0.032 mm day −1 ), where the average midday irradiance over 60 days was 924± 32 μmol photons m −2 s −1 . During the pre-main cultivation stage (Stage II), the greatest growth rate occurred at a depth of 2 m (0.113±0.003 mm day −1 ) with an average irradiance of 248±116 μmol photons m −2 s −1 . For the main cultivation stage (Stage III) of the alga, thalli achieved the greatest increase in biomass at 1 m depth (7.2±1.0 kg fresh wt m −1 ). These results suggest that optimal growth at each cultivation stages of C. fragile could be controlled by depth of cultivation rope.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation of the green alga, Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, by artificial seed production in Korea

2007

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“…Most isolated utricles had two medullary filaments but some utricles, isolated from the holdfasts and the 1st axes, had 1 or 3 filaments, and the utricles with 2 filaments differed in the ability to form and elongate their filaments from those with 3 filaments. Moreover, production of gametangia in the utricles is restricted to a certain period in their habitats when the thalli are fertile (ARASAKI et al, 1955;FRALICK and MATHIESON, 1973), and few utricles with a gametangium were isolated from the thalli collected in early August in the present study. Furthermore, the clavate utricles were abundant except for the basal parts of the thalli used in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The axes of the thalli decay away after the fertile period (ARASAKI et al, 1955;FRALICK and MATHI-ESON, 1972;YOTSUI and MIGITA, 1989), so that it is not possible to obtain the utricles for the assays throughout the year. Thus it will be necessary to keep the thalli in the laboratory for long-term use in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fragile thalli, which are widely distributed along the coast of Japan (ARASAKI et al, 1955), are composed of a holdfast and cylindrical axes repeatedly branched dichotomously. Both the holdfast and axes are constructed of a large number of utricles, of which lengths are about one mm, connecting with branching medullary filaments (ARASAKI et al, 1955). Hence many utricles can be isolated from one thallus, and are large enough to be handled in the assays on seaweed attachment.…”

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Assays for Evaluating Seaweed Attachment Using Isolated Utricles of Codium fragile(Codiales, Chlorophyceae). I. Selection of Suitable Utricles for Assays.

et al. 2000

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The present paper deals with growth and attachment of isolated utricles from various parts of thalli in Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, with utricles from different stages being studied in laboratory culture in order to select suitable utricles for conducting assays on seaweed attachment. Clavate utricles were observed in the thalli at three stages: utricles without a gametangium, those with a gametangium before and after gamete release, and slender utricles without a gametangium. The clavate utricles were abundant except for the basal parts of the thalli, so that these utricles were used in the present study. The utricles isolated from six parts of the thalli and those at three different stages had the ability to form medullary filaments and attach to the substratum by their elongated filaments. However, the ability of the isolated utricles to elongate their filaments differed among the parts of the thalli used for isolating the utricles, and the ability of the utricles to form and elongate their filaments differed among the stages of the utricles. Furthermore, utricles with a gametangium were obtained only in a certain period when the thalli were fertile. Therefore, the clavate utricles without a gametangium isolated from the higher orders of axes are more suitable for use in assays on seaweed attachment.Seaweeds are one of the largest groups of sessile organisms, and play an important role as primary producers in their habitat. Furthermore, several seaweeds are highly valued as food and sources of chemicals, while some are major marine fouling organisms (BAKER and EVANS, 1973a, b;CALLOW and EVANS, 1974). It is therefore necessary to develop methods for determining good substrata for seaweed attachment in seaweed farming and the construction of artificial seaweed beds, and in selecting antifouling materials for ships and marine structures. A suitable assay to assess seaweed attachment has, however, not yet been established, so that the purpose was to develop assays using isolated utricles of Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot. C. fragile thalli, which are widely distributed along the coast of Japan (ARASAKI et al., 1955), are composed of a holdfast and cylindrical axes repeatedly branched dichotomously. Both the holdfast and axes are constructed of a large number of utricles, of which lengths are about one mm, connecting with branching medullary filaments (ARASAKI et al., 1955). Hence many utricles can be isolated from one thallus, and are large enough to be handled in the assays on seaweed attachment. Furthermore, the isolated utricles rapidly form medullary filaments and become attached to substrata by the elongated filaments (BORDEN and STEIN, 1969;RAMUS, 1972;YOTSUI and MIGITA, 1989; YANG et al., 1997). However, it is unclear whether the utricles isolated from various parts of the thalli and those of different stages have the same ability to grow and attach to substrata or not. Therefore, the present paper deals with growth and attachment of isolated utricles from six parts of the thalli, with utricles fro...

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Cultivation of the green alga, Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, by artificial seed production in Korea

Hwang

Baek

Park

Nineteenth International Seaweed Symposium

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The Reproduction and Morphogeny in Codium fragile

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Cultivation of the green alga, Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, by artificial seed production in Korea

Cultivation of the green alga, Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, by artificial seed production in Korea

Assays for Evaluating Seaweed Attachment Using Isolated Utricles of Codium fragile(Codiales, Chlorophyceae). I. Selection of Suitable Utricles for Assays.

Cultivation of the green alga, Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, by artificial seed production in Korea

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