The replacement of lipid-bound choline by other bases in the phospholipids of the housefly, Musca domestica

Bridges, R.G.; Ricketts, J.; Cox, J.T.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(65)90070-3

Cited by 62 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Carnitine is less than 10% as effective as choline in promoting development during the pupal period and, as indicated in the present study, the adult male is incapable of using carnitine as a choline substitute for sperm motility. Bridges, Ricketts and Cox (1965) have also noted that adult Musca domestica cannot readily incorporate carnitine into their tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Choline Requirements for Sperm Motility and Normal Mating Activity in Drosophila Melanogaster

Geer¹

1967

The Biological Bulletin

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Reproduction of adult female insects is strongly influenced by the diet (Wigglesworth, 1960;House, 1961House, , 1962Johansson, 1964). Nutrients required for normal female reproduction include amino acids, carbohydrate, lipid, sterol, certain minerals, and vitamins, although there is much interspecific variation. In contrast, few instances of dietary influence on male fertility have been found (Johansson, 1964). In a variety of insect species starvation results in males w-ith smaller but functional reproductive organs than in males fed an optimal diet. Starvation also influences the sexual behavior of some species. Males of the flea Ceratopliyllits fasciatns (Strickland, 1914) and the fruit fly Dacus dorsalis (Hagen, 1952) require a complete meal before they exhibit any copulatory activity. Calliphora erythrocephala females fed only a sugar and water diet will not accept courting males (Strangways-Dixon, 1961). The carry-over of food stores from larval feeding poses a problem in studies of adult nutritional requirements. The small magnitude of the nutritional requirements of many adult insects, coupled with reduced feeding activity because of sizable food stores, makes depletion of carry-over food stores difficult and uncertain to obtain. Carnitine, one of the most effective substitutes for choline in the development of DrosopJiila melanogaster (Fraenkel ct a/., 1955;Geer and Vovis. 1965), was used in the present study to obtain choline-free D. melanogaster adults.No larvae are able to pupate on a diet not supplemented with choline or a related compound. When carnitine is fed at a concentration equivalent to the optimal choline level in the larval diet, nearly as many larvae develop to eclosion as when choline is fed, but the larval growth period is 20% greater in duration (Geer and Vovis, 1965). Carnitine-raised adults are morphologically normal but they contain no detectable choline in their tissues. When carnitine-raised males and females are mated, however, they fail to reproduce (Geer, Vovis and Yund, 1967).The current study presents evidence for a dietary choline requirement for the development of motile spermatozoa in D. melanogaster and quantitatively defines the requirement. Choline-deficiency is also shown to influence the normal sexual behavior of adult D. melanogaster. METHODS AND MATERIALS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Choline Requirements for Sperm Motility and Normal Mating Activity in Drosophila Melanogaster

Geer¹

1967

The Biological Bulletin

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“…Musca domestica larvae were reared on a diet containing 16.0 ~mol B-MeCh/g casein (Bridges et al, 1965) and 133 pCi [methyl-H31 choline (specific activity 6.4 Ci/mmol)/g casein. After emergence the adult flies were kept at a temperature of 29 ~ C and fed on glucose and water until they were taken for dissection (usually seven days after emergence).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concentration of choline into specific regions of the thoracic ganglion in B-methylcholine fed houseflies

Howes¹,

Bridges²

1981

J Neurocytol

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When larvae of the housefly, Musca domestica, are reared on a diet in which most of the choline has been replaced by a choline analogue, B-methylcholine, the small amount of choline available to the insect is largely taken up into the nervous system where it is incorporated into phosphatidylcholine and acetylcholine. Using autoradiographic techniques it is shown that, in the thoracic ganglion, the phosphatidylcholine component of this preferentially accumulated choline is not evenly distributed throughout the tissue but that a well-defined pattern of patches of silver grains is found over certain areas of the neuropile. Underlying this pattern are axons and glial processes structurally indistinguishable from the axons and glia of adjacent areas which show a much lighter autoradiographic reaction. It is concluded that the axons which produce this high density of silver graining are cholinergic and have a high affinity for choline.

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“…The results are discussed in relation to the above ideas, and also to assess how far they can explain the incorporation of abnormal amino alcohols into the phospholipids of insects (Bieber & Newburgh, 1963;Bridges, Ricketts & Cox, 1965). A preliminary report of this work has appeared (Crone, 1967b).…”

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confidence: 96%

The calcium-stimulated incorporation of ethanolamine and serine into the phospholipids of the housefly Musca domestica

Crone¹

1967

Biochemical Journal

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1. The calcium-stimulated incorporation of [2-(14)C]ethanolamine and l-[3-(14)C]-serine into the phospholipids of homogenates of the fat bodies from larval houseflies (Musca domestica) was studied. 2. Ethanolamine and serine acted as competitive inhibitors with one another. N-Methylethanolamine was not distinguished from ethanolamine by the system. Tris buffer was also a competitor with these compounds, and a number of other amino alcohols were inhibitory, probably competitively. 3. The incorporation of [(32)P]phosphorylethanolamine into phospholipids was observed in suspensions of whole fat bodies. This incorporation was stimulated by magnesium. 4. During the incubation of the homogenates, a calcium-stimulated breakdown of phospholipids by a phospholipase A occurred. 5. These results are compared with results published for similar mammalian systems, and their possible physiological significance is discussed.

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The replacement of lipid-bound choline by other bases in the phospholipids of the housefly, Musca domestica

Cited by 62 publications

References 16 publications

Dietary Choline Requirements for Sperm Motility and Normal Mating Activity in Drosophila Melanogaster

Dietary Choline Requirements for Sperm Motility and Normal Mating Activity in Drosophila Melanogaster

The concentration of choline into specific regions of the thoracic ganglion in B-methylcholine fed houseflies

The calcium-stimulated incorporation of ethanolamine and serine into the phospholipids of the housefly Musca domestica

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