The repeatability of corticomotor threshold measurements

Kimiskidis, Vasilios Κ.; Papagiannopoulos, Sotirios; Sotirakoglou, Κyriaki; Kazis, Dimitrios; Dimopoulos, G.; Kazis, A.; Mills, Kerry

doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2004.10.002

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our results corroborate several studies which reported good short-and longterm reliability of MT at rest (Corneal et al, 2005;Kimiskidis et al, 2004;Maeda et al, 2002;Malcolm et al, 2006;. In agreement and in extension to a few studies reporting short-term reliability of aMT (Carroll et al, 2001;Kamen, 2004), we observed good to excellent short-and long-term reliability for aMT.…”

Section: Reliability Of Tms Measuressupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Several studies have investigated the reliability of some TMS measurements (Boroojerdi et al, 2000;Cacchio et al, 2009;Carroll et al, 2001;Corneal et al, 2005;Kimiskidis et al, 2004;Maeda et al, 2002;Malcolm et al, 2006;Mills and Nithi, 1997;Mortifee et al, 1994;Orth et al, 2003;Uy et al, 2002;Wilson et al, 1995;. However most of these studies have focused on measures taken at rest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover reliability studies on measurement taken at rest often investigated only short-term reliability. Studies looking at intervals of four weeks and more mainly focused on corticospinal excitability measurements (Cacchio et al, 2009;Corneal et al, 2005;Kimiskidis et al, 2004;Mills and Nithi, 1997;Mortifee et al, 1994), neglecting the reliability of motor mapping procedures (except (Malcolm et al, 2006)). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of transcranial magnetic stimulation measures obtained at rest and under active conditions and their reliability

Ngomo

Léonard

Moffet

et al. 2012

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

136

143

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Section: Reliability Of Tms Measuressupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of transcranial magnetic stimulation measures obtained at rest and under active conditions and their reliability

Ngomo

Léonard

Moffet

et al. 2012

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

136

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Later, Uy et al (27) also showed that area, volume, and center of gravity of maps of 3 intrinsic hand muscles tested 4 times do not change significantly over time. No significant difference in motor threshold was found when a large cohort of healthy subjects was reexamined over various time points ranging from 19 min to 1,867 days (28). In stroke patients (29), moderate to good test/retest reliability for TMS measurements of motor threshold, map area, location, and stimulus-response curves were reported for FDI, APB, extensor digitorum communis (EDC), and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscles, although with higher consistency for forearm than for intrinsic hand muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Re-emergence of hand-muscle representations in human motor cortex after hand allograft

Vargas

Aballéa

Rodrigues

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The human primary motor cortex (M1) undergoes considerable reorganization in response to traumatic upper limb amputation. The representations of the preserved arm muscles expand, invading portions of M1 previously dedicated to the hand, suggesting that former hand neurons are reassigned to the control of remaining proximal upper limb muscles. Hand allograft offers a unique opportunity to study the reversibility of such long-term cortical changes. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation in patient LB, who underwent bilateral hand transplantation 3 years after a traumatic amputation, to longitudinally track both the emergence of intrinsic (from the donor) hand muscles in M1 as well as changes in the representation of stump (upper arm and forearm) muscles. The same muscles were also mapped in patient CD, the first bilateral hand allograft recipient. Newly transplanted intrinsic muscles acquired a cortical representation in LB's M1 at 10 months postgraft for the left hand and at 26 months for the right hand. The appearance of a cortical representation of transplanted hand muscles in M1 coincided with the shrinkage of stump muscle representations for the left but not for the right side. In patient CD, transcranial magnetic stimulation performed at 51 months postgraft revealed a complete set of intrinsic hand-muscle representations for the left but not the right hand. Our findings show that newly transplanted muscles can be recognized and integrated into the patient's motor cortex.amputation ͉ longitudinal ͉ plasticity ͉ reorganization ͉ TMS I t is now well established that the adult brain is highly influenced by changes occurring at the body's periphery. Evidence from human and animal models show that, when deprived of its afferent sensory input and/or its motor effectors, the primary sensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortical regions undergo plastic modifications (1-10).Traumatic upper limb amputation in humans produces lifelong consequences. Patients often report a global feeling that the missing body part is still present. This feeling is frequently associated with specific sensory and kinesthetic sensations and pain in the missing limb. Many patients further describe that the phantom limb can be moved voluntarily (review in refs. 11 and 12).Functional investigation of human M1 reorganization after amputation has demonstrated that instead of becoming inactive, the hand area is now activated during proximal limb movements (5,13,14), and that cortical stimulation of this region evokes contraction of proximal upper limb muscles (4, 9, 15, 16). Face and forearm motor representations that surround the representation of the missing hand have also been shown to expand into the de-efferented cortex (16,17), with the expansion of lip movements into the former hand area correlating positively with the amount of phantom limb pain (18). Studies employing TMS paired-pulse protocols have shown less intracortical inhibition in the region corresponding to the amputated limb when compared with the intact limb's region (19,20), suggest...

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“…One might now argue that the measurements itself might caused a reduction in motor thresholds. That however is highly unlikely as corticomotor threshold determination using single pulse TCMS is a reproducible method with reliable outcome [29] and we did not observe any influence on the thresholds by the TCMS or CLES itself in pretests, which we performed before the initiation of the study. A facilitation of cortical excitability and modulation of the corticomotor threshold can occur, if repeated TCMS is used for several minutes, whereas low frequency stimulation (1 Hz) suppresses cortical excitability and high frequent stimulation (> 5Hz) increases cortical excitability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The facilitatory effect of duloxetine combined with pelvic floor muscle training on the excitability of urethral sphincter motor neurons

et al. 2009

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The facilitatory effect of duloxetine combined with pelvic floor muscle training on the excitability of urethral sphincter motor neurons The facilitatory effect of duloxetine combined with pelvic floor muscle training on the excitability of urethral sphincter motor neurons Abstract INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Aim of this study was to investigate the excitability of sphincter motor neurons under the influence of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and duloxetine. Due to their mechanisms of action, there might be a synergistic effect of duloxetine and PFMT in regard to the facilitation of spinal reflexes controlling urethral sphincter contractions and hence continence. METHODS: In ten healthy female subjects, clitoral electric stimulation (CES) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were used to determine individual motor thresholds for external urethral sphincter (EUS) contractions before and after PFMT, duloxetine, and PFMT + duloxetine. RESULTS: PFMT and duloxetine alone significantly decreased the motor thresholds for EUS contractions during CES and TMS. However, the combined treatment reduced the motor threshold for EUS contractions significantly stronger compared to PFMT or duloxetine alone. CONCLUSIONS: The results are suggestive for a synergistic facilitatory effect of PFMT and duloxetine on sphincter motor neuron activation.The facilitatory effect of duloxetine combined with pelvic floor muscle training on the excitability of urethral sphincter motor neurons.

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The repeatability of corticomotor threshold measurements

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Comparison of transcranial magnetic stimulation measures obtained at rest and under active conditions and their reliability

Comparison of transcranial magnetic stimulation measures obtained at rest and under active conditions and their reliability

Re-emergence of hand-muscle representations in human motor cortex after hand allograft

The facilitatory effect of duloxetine combined with pelvic floor muscle training on the excitability of urethral sphincter motor neurons

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