The Repair of Large Osteochondral Defects An Experimental Study in Horses

Fr, Convery; Akeson, Wayne H.; Keown, Gordon H.

doi:10.1097/00003086-197201000-00033

Cited by 373 publications

(195 citation statements)

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“…Shapiro et al (1993) observed variations in the relative proportions of fibrous tissue, fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage found in each defect, and attributed some of this variability to the fact that defects were created in various places over the articular surface and hence subject to different mechanical stresses. Convery et al (1972) reported complete repair in defects 3 mm in diameter in horses; however incomplete repair and degenerative changes were observed in defects greater than 9 mm in diameter nine months post-operatively. While these experiments suggest that the local mechanical environment of mesenchymal stem cells within an osteochondral defect influences cellular proliferation and differentiation, and the subsequent remodelling or degradation of the repair tissue, no clear mechanobiological explanation for osteochondral defect repair has yet been given.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mechano-regulation of stem cell differentiation and tissue regeneration in osteochondral defects

Kelly

Prendergast

2005

Journal of Biomechanics

184

134

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Cartilage defects that penetrate the subchondral bone can undergo spontaneous repair through the formation of a fibrous or cartilaginous tissue mediated primarily by mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow. This tissue is biomechanically inferior to normal articular cartilage, and is often observed to degrade over time. The factors that control the type and quality of the repair tissue, and its subsequent degradation, have yet to be elucidated. In this paper, we hypothesise a relationship between the mechanical environment of mesenchymal stem cells and their subsequent dispersal, proliferation, differentiation and death. The mechano-regulation stimulus is hypothesised to be a function of strain and fluid flow; these quantities are calculated using a finite element model of the tissue. A finite element model of an osteochondral defect in the knee was created, and used to simulate the spontaneous repair process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mechano-regulation of stem cell differentiation and tissue regeneration in osteochondral defects

Kelly

Prendergast

2005

Journal of Biomechanics

184

134

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“…[9][10][11][12] However, evaluation of the actual loading and mobility of the animals demonstrated a major drawback in the study setup. Although initially it was intended to create two groups of animals, one with significant loading of the surgically affected joint and one with minimal loading of the affected joint, this was not unambiguously achieved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Chondral defects in nonweightbearing areas of femoral condyles in horses repair completely within 3 months, in contrast to defects in the weight-bearing areas (maximum follow-up 9 months), suggesting that loading contributes to development of OA after initial cartilage damage. 10 In transgenic Del1 mice, running activity causes an increase in incidence and severity of degenerative changes in the articular cartilage of knee joints within 15 months. 11 Forced mobilization of rats after ACLT and partial medial menisectomy leads to an increase in OA compared to normal mobilization, again indicating that loading is important in the development of OA.…”

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confidence: 99%

Does loading influence the severity of cartilage degeneration in the canine Groove‐model of OA?

Vos

Interma

El³

et al. 2009

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Many animal models are used to study osteoarthritis (OA). In these models the role of joint loading in the development of OA is not fully understood. We studied the effect of loading on the development of OA in the canine Groove-model. In ten female beagle dogs OA was induced in one knee according to the Groove-model. The animals were divided in groups with and without forced-loading. Forced-loading was achieved by fixing the contra-lateral limb to the trunk 3 times a week for 4 hours. After 20 weeks joint tissues of all dogs were evaluated. Subjective evaluation revealed less movement with more loading in the forced-loading-group compared to the group without forced-loading. In both groups induction of OA resulted in macroscopical and microscopical OA changes as well as alterations in cartilage metabolism characteristics for OA. Although differences were small, for some parameters they were statistically significant for the forced-loading-group. There were no differences between the contra-lateral healthy joints of both groups. The present study demonstrates that in the Groove-model intensified loading is not a prerequisite for the development of OA, although it adds to some extent to the severity of the OA. ß

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“…A stem cell population capable of differentiating into cells that can produce cartilage are obtainable from the bone marrow. In human studies, the fraction of stem cells that retained the ability to develop various types of tissue declines radically from 1 in 20,000 cells and juvenile human still only 1 in 4,000,000 during late adult life [33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Marrow Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%