The renoprotective potential of montelukast: a scoping review

Abstract

Introduction: Kidney damage can result from various factors, leading to structural and functional changes in the kidney. Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to a sudden decline in kidney function, while chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves a gradual deterioration lasting more than three months. Mechanisms of renal injury include impaired microcirculation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLT) are inflammatory substances contributing to tissue damage. Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, has shown potential renoprotective effects in experimental models of kidney injury. Methods: We conducted a scoping review using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies investigating the impact of montelukast on renal diseases. Articles published until 2022 were included and evaluated for quality. Data extraction and analysis were performed based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Results: The scoping review included 30 studies from 8 countries. Montelukast demonstrated therapeutic effects in various experimental models of nephrotoxicity and acute kidney injury induced by agents such as cisplatin, LPS, diclofenac, amikacin, E. coli, cyclosporine, methotrexate, cobalt-60 gamma radiation, doxorubicin, and cadmium. Studies involving human subjects with nephrotic syndrome, pyelonephritis, and other renal diseases also reported positive outcomes with montelukast treatment. Montelukast exhibited anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and neutrophil-inhibiting properties, leading to improved kidney function and histopathological changes. Conclusion: Montelukast shows promise as a renoprotective medication, particularly in early-stage kidney injury. Its ability to mitigate inflammation, oxidative stress, and neutrophil infiltration contributes to its therapeutic effects. Further research is needed to explore the clinical applications and mechanisms underlying the renoprotective action of montelukast.