The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Coronavirus Infection—Current Considerations During the Pandemic

Augoustides, John

doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.010

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…The anchoring ability of the virus is due to its spike protein, which is present on its surface[ 71 , 147 , 148 ]. The dysregulation of RAAS occurs due to the loss of a counter-balance between Ang II levels and ACE2 levels after SARS-CoV-2 infection[ 149 ]. ACE2 levels degrade Ang II and produce Ang (1-7), which opposes the negative impact of Ang II[ 132 , 150 ].…”

Section: How Can the Interplay Between Dm And Covid-19 Increase The Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional link between diabetes mellitus and coronavirus disease 2019 leading to cardiovascular disease: A narrative review

Viswanathan¹,

Puvvula²,

Jamthikar³

et al. 2021

WJD

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic where several comorbidities have been shown to have a significant effect on mortality. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a higher mortality rate than non-DM patients if they get COVID-19. Recent studies have indicated that patients with a history of diabetes can increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Additionally, patients without any history of diabetes can acquire new-onset DM when infected with COVID-19. Thus, there is a need to explore the bidirectional link between these two conditions, confirming the vicious loop between “DM/COVID-19”. This narrative review presents (1) the bidirectional association between the DM and COVID-19, (2) the manifestations of the DM/COVID-19 loop leading to cardiovascular disease, (3) an understanding of primary and secondary factors that influence mortality due to the DM/COVID-19 loop, (4) the role of vitamin-D in DM patients during COVID-19, and finally, (5) the monitoring tools for tracking atherosclerosis burden in DM patients during COVID-19 and “COVID-triggered DM” patients. We conclude that the bidirectional nature of DM/COVID-19 causes acceleration towards cardiovascular events. Due to this alarming condition, early monitoring of atherosclerotic burden is required in “Diabetes patients during COVID-19” or “new-onset Diabetes triggered by COVID-19 in Non-Diabetes patients”.

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Section: How Can the Interplay Between Dm And Covid-19 Increase The Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional link between diabetes mellitus and coronavirus disease 2019 leading to cardiovascular disease: A narrative review

Viswanathan¹,

Puvvula²,

Jamthikar³

et al. 2021

WJD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4,5 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters human cells by binding to the angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor. 6 This receptor is expressed in heart, lungs, kidneys, and intestines, thereby providing a multimodal entry point for the virus to infiltrate the body. Preliminary unpublished data indicate that ACE-2 receptor concentrations are higher in adipose tissue in comparison with lung tissue, suggesting that adipose tissue might be vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection (preprint data available from https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202002.0315/v1).…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential pathophysiology of COVID-19 in patients with obesity. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2020; 125: e262–e263

Lui

Samuels

White

2020

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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“…The first mechanism is that coronavirus can infect and directly destroy lymphocytes because they express the viral-binding protein on their surface membrane, namely angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. 19,20 A second mechanism for lymphopenia may be increased lymphocytic apoptosis due to the cytokine storm that may accompany infection with coronavirus. 7,21 This cytokine storm may also result in atrophy of lymphoid reserves, including the spleen, and impair lymphocyte levels.…”

Section: Consider the Complete Blood Countmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second observation is that thrombocytopenia may not always be present, suggesting alternative drivers for this thrombotic disorder, including viral endothelial damage and marked complement activation. 20,26,[31][32]36 Mechanisms beyond complement activation must also be considered for the thrombotic disorder in COVID-19. The elevated fibrinogen and factor VIII levels could also lead to thrombosis.…”

Section: Consider the Coagulation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematologic Consequences of the Coronavirus Crisis—Focus on Relevant Clues and Complications for the Perioperative Cardiothoracic and Vascular Community

Thalji

Patel

Elliott

et al. 2020

Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia

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THE CORONAVIRUS pandemic is a global crisis and has led to a surge in hospital-based care for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 1-5 The unique considerations for severe COVID-19 have resulted in agile adaptation in the clinical arena, including graduate medical education, echocardiography, perioperative care, critical care, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 6-12 The purpose of this freestanding editorial is to highlight the hematologic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic as they provide clues and challenges for the delivery of high-quality patient care. These features can improve the design of best practices to navigate this crisis creatively. The provided references can also assist leaders in their management of the pandemic at their respective institutions.

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The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Coronavirus Infection—Current Considerations During the Pandemic

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Bidirectional link between diabetes mellitus and coronavirus disease 2019 leading to cardiovascular disease: A narrative review

Bidirectional link between diabetes mellitus and coronavirus disease 2019 leading to cardiovascular disease: A narrative review

Potential pathophysiology of COVID-19 in patients with obesity. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2020; 125: e262–e263

Hematologic Consequences of the Coronavirus Crisis—Focus on Relevant Clues and Complications for the Perioperative Cardiothoracic and Vascular Community

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