The Rengen Grassland Experiment: soil contamination by trace elements after 65 years of Ca, N, P and K fertiliser application

Hejcman, Michal; Száková, Jiřina; Schellberg, J.; Šrek, Petr; Tlustoš, Pavel

doi:10.1007/s10705-008-9197-8

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…1). Plant-availability of Cd, Mn, Ni and Zn increases with a decrease in soil pH and cannot be related to the total concentrations of elements (Gavi et al 1997;Mench 1998;Tlustoš et al 2006;Hejcman et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Woburn Market Garden experiment (UK), soil content of Cd remained high even though application of Cd-contaminated organic fertilizer had been terminated 30 years prior to soil sampling (Abaye et al 2005). In the Rengen Grassland Experiment (Germany), where basic slag has been applied for 65 years, a substantial increase in As and Cr content in the upper soil layer was reported by Hejcman et al (2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentration of trace elements in arable soil after long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers

Uprety

Hejcman

Száková

et al. 2009

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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The Ruzyně Fertilizer Experiment (RFE, the Czech Republic) was established on a permanent arable field (illimerized Luvisol) in 1955. The effects of long-term application of several organic fertilizers (dung water, farmyard manure, poultry litter) and mineral N, P and K fertilizers on plant-available (extracted by CaCl 2 ), easily mobilizable (extracted by EDTA), potentially mobilizable (extracted by HNO 3 ) and total concentrations of trace elements were investigated in 2008. Concentrations of all analyzed trace elements in the applied fertilizers did not exceed the limits permitted by Czech national legislation. Concentrations of As, Cd and Cr were highest in single superphosphate, those of Cu, Mn and Ni were highest in poultry litter and those of Pb and Zn were highest in dung water. Poultry litter had the second highest concentration of As and Zn. Poultry litter supplied the soils with considerable amounts of Cu,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of trace elements in arable soil after long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers

Uprety

Hejcman

Száková

et al. 2009

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…In the past 45 years, all experimental plots, including the unfertilized A treatment, have been cut twice a year in late June or early July and in mid-October. The soil chemical properties in A-F treatments analyzed recently by Hejcman et al (2009) are given in Table 2. The classification of plant communities into alliances (Chytrý et al 2009) together with tree main graminoid, legume and forb species in each treatment are given in Table 3.…”

Section: Study Site and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rengen Grassland Experiment: relationship between soil and biomass chemical properties, amount of elements applied, and their uptake

et al. 2010

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The Rengen Grassland Experiment (RGE) was established in the Eifel Mountains (Germany) on a low productive Nardetum in 1941. Since then, the following fertilizer treatments have been applied with a late two-cut system: unfertilized control, Ca, CaN, CaNP, CaNPKCl and CaNPK 2 SO 4 . We aimed to understand how concentrations of macro (N, P, K, Ca and Mg), micro (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) and trace (As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb) elements in the plant biomass were affected by long-term fertilizer application, soil chemical properties and biomass production. In 2008, biomass samples from the first cut (early July) and the second cut (mid-October) were collected and analyzed. The simultaneous application of N, P and K decreased nitrogen concentration in the aboveground biomass, but substantially increased biomass production. Late cutting management decreased forage quality in highly productive more than in low productive plant communities. The concentrations of P and K in the plant biomass were positively related to P and K application and, therefore, to plant available P and K concentrations in the soil. The concentrations of some micro (Fe, Mn and Zn) and trace (As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb) elements in the plant biomass were negatively correlated with the amount of elements supplied by fertilizers and biomass production, probably because of the dilution effect. Long-term fertilizer application resulted in the accumulation of macro (P, Ca and Mg), micro (Fe and Mn) and trace (As and Cr) elements in the soil, but in many cases this accumulation was not connected with an increase in the concentrations of these elements in the plant biomass. Nutritional status, as indicated by the biomass N:P ratio, was consistent with N or P limitation as indicated by the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition indices. Furthermore, additional K (co-) limitation was indicated by the N:K and K:P ratios in the biomass from the NP treatment. The results from the RGE indicate that there is no simple positive relationship between the applied elements and their concentrations in the plant biomass.

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“…This study is directly linked to current research in the RGE on species diversity and element concentration of vascular plants in relation to soil chemical properties (Schellberg et al 1999;Hejcman et al 2007Hejcman et al , 2009Chytrý et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Rengen Grassland experiment: bryophytes biomass and element concentrations after 65 years of fertilizer application

Hejcman

Száková

Schellberg

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

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The Rengen Grassland Experiment in Germany, established in 1941, consists of the following fertilizer treatments applied under a two cut management: control, Ca, CaN, CaNP, CaNP-KCl, and CaNP-K(2)SO(4). The aim of this study was (1) to identify effects of fertilizer application on biomass and species composition of bryophytes and (2) to investigate the impact of fertilizer application on macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), micro- (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), and toxic (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni) element concentrations in bryophyte biomass. In June 2006, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus was the only bryophyte species recorded in the control. In treatment Ca, R. squarrosus was the dominant bryophyte species whereas Brachythecium rutabulum occurred sporadically only in a single plot of that treatment. The latter was the only bryophyte species collected in CaN, CaNP, CaNP-KCl, and CaNP-K(2)SO(4) treatments. Dry matter accumulation of bryophytes was highest in the control (180 g m(-2)) followed by Ca (46 g m(-2)), CaNP (25 g m(-2)), CaNP-KCl (15 g m(-2)), CaNP-K(2)SO(4) (9 g m(-2)), and CaN (2 g m(-2)) treatments. A negative correlation between biomass production of bryophytes and dry matter production of vascular plants was revealed up to a threshold value of 400 g m(-2). Above this limit, biomass production of bryophytes remained obviously unaffected by further increase in biomass production of vascular plants. A significant effect of treatment on As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, P, Ca, Mg, K, and N concentrations was revealed. Concentrations of these elements were a function of amount of elements supplied with fertilizers. Bryophytes seem to be promising bio-indicators not only for airborne deposition of toxic element but also for fertilizer introduced as well.

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The Rengen Grassland Experiment: soil contamination by trace elements after 65 years of Ca, N, P and K fertiliser application

Cited by 28 publications

References 44 publications

Concentration of trace elements in arable soil after long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers

Concentration of trace elements in arable soil after long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers

The Rengen Grassland Experiment: relationship between soil and biomass chemical properties, amount of elements applied, and their uptake

The Rengen Grassland experiment: bryophytes biomass and element concentrations after 65 years of fertilizer application

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