The renal function of newborn infants

Heller, H.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1944.sp004048

Cited by 95 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, Peter (1927) found not only that the proximal convoluted tubules lengthened during the first 2 years of postnatal life, but also that, at birth, the loops of Henle were not fully elongated in the youngest nephrons. Since the new-born human infant has 202 KIDNEY DURING WEANING only a slight response to antidiuretic hormone (Heller, 1944), there is an opportunity here, as in the rat, to attempt to correlate histological development with the onset of the adult reaction to the hormone. By such correlations, in both species, light may be thrown on the functions of the various segments of the nephron.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of the kidney in relation to age and diet in white rats during the weaning period

Boss¹,

Dlouhá²,

Kraus³

et al. 1963

The Journal of Physiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of the kidney in relation to age and diet in white rats during the weaning period

Boss¹,

Dlouhá²,

Kraus³

et al. 1963

The Journal of Physiology

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“…This apparent inability to concentrate the urine under stress was also seen in a normal full-term infant of less than 48 hr., who secreted a hypotonic urine even when its fluid intake was restricted by the omission of two feeds (McCance & Young, 1941). It was shown by Heller (1944) that the osmotic pressure of urine samples collected from normal infants during the first 2 days after birth, i.e. when fluid intake is low, did not reach the figures obtained in urines of normal adults.…”

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“…The sensitivity of the renal tubules of newborn rats to the antidiuretic hormone has not been examined. However, it has been shown that the renal tubules of newborn infants are relatively insensitive to posterior pituitary extracts (Heller, 1944), and that the renal tubular apparatus is less mature in newborn rats than in newborn children (Baxter & Yoffey, 1948 2. The mean specific gravity of the urine of the adult animals during the period of dehydration rose to 1-056 + 0-002 and osmolar concentrations over 2-0 osmol./l.…”

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Effects of dehydration on adult and newborn rats

Heller¹

1949

The Journal of Physiology

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There is some indication that decreases of the body water load fail to induce a substantial rise of the urinary osmotic pressure in very young children: Young & McCance (1942) investigating infants aged 5-12 weeks who suffered from gastroenteritis, were able to show that the osmotic pressure of the urine rarely rose to that of urine samples obtained from adults at comparable minute volumes. This apparent inability to concentrate the urine under stress was also seen in a normal full-term infant of less than 48 hr., who secreted a hypotonic urine even when its fluid intake was restricted by the omission of two feeds (McCance & Young, 1941). It was shown by Heller (1944) that the osmotic pressure of urine samples collected from normal infants during the first 2 days after birth, i.e. when fluid intake is low, did not reach the figures obtained in urines of normal adults. However, in the absence of any quantitative criterion for the degree of dehydration in these infants, it might be asked whether the conditions were stringent enough (the watery nature of the food should here be considered) to exclude a rise of urinary concentration after further deprivation of water. Since the limitations of clinical tests prevent deliberate withdrawal of fluid from normal newborn infants for more than a short period, it was decided to compare the effects of dehydration in newborn rats deprived of fluid for 24 hr. with those in adult rats suffering from approximately the same relative extrarenal water loss. METHODS E:xperimental animals. Male albino rats, 12-48 hr. old, and male adult rats (weighing 180-310g.) were used. The adults, which were of the same strain as the newborn animals, were kept on a standard diet containing 18% casein. The newborn rats were removed from their cage after they had suckled at least once and were then kept at 33/340 C. for 24 hr. by placing them in a thermoregulated oven. As milk supplies both food and water to the newborn animals, the adult rats were deprived of both water and food during the period of dehydration.Determination of extrarenal uter low. The extrarenal water loss of newborn rats was determined by weighing the animals on an analytical balance. Animals which passed faeces or urine were

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“…Measurements of the concentration of osmotically active solutes in the urine of dehydrated infants have demonstrated a gradual increase from birth through the first weeks of life, with adult levels being attained only after several months (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

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confidence: 99%