The renaissance of continuum mechanics

Chen, Weiqiu

doi:10.1631/jzus.a1400079

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…(35)-(38) for a complete set of formulae as a boundary value problem (Wang J. et al, 2014), one needs to specify the material laws that describe the underlying electromechanical coupling within DEs. This has been achieved by many researchers using the variational method (Suo, 2010;Khan et al, 2013;Lu et al, 2013;2014;Wang J. et al, 2014), and finite element methods have been developed and used to explore the electromechanical behaviors of various DE transducers (Qu and Suo, 2012). Park and coworkers (Park et al, 2012;Park and Nguyen, 2013) developed a viscoelastic finite element formulation with focus on the finite and dynamic deformation of DE structures.…”

Section: Computational Methods Of De Viscoelasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeling such hierarchical compartmentalization generally requires theories of large deformation strongly coupled to other fields such as electronics, as well as microscopic processes such as bonding kinetics (Sarangapani et al, 2011;Ju et al, 2015) and mass transport (Jiang et al, 2015) that ubiquitously occur within materials and at interfaces. The analytical and numerical approach based on continuum mechanics and thermodynamics will continue to play an enormous role in understanding these materials, and in modeling these structures and designing these devices (Chen, 2014), and the bottom-up investigation of the microscopic processes in response to external stimuli has just begun.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanics of dielectric elastomers: materials, structures, and devices

Qian

2016

JZUS-A

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Dielectric elastomers (DEs) respond to applied electric voltage with a surprisingly large deformation, showing a promising capability to generate actuation in mimicking natural muscles. A theoretical foundation of the mechanics of DEs is of crucial importance in designing DE-based structures and devices. In this review, we survey some recent theoretical and numerical efforts in exploring several aspects of electroactive materials, with emphases on the governing equations of electromechanical coupling, constitutive laws, viscoelastic behaviors, electromechanical instability as well as actuation applications. An overview of analytical models is provided based on the representative approach of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, with computational analyses being required in more generalized situations such as irregular shape, complex configuration, and time-dependent deformation. Theoretical efforts have been devoted to enhancing the working limits of DE actuators by avoiding electromechanical instability as well as electric breakdown, and pre-strains are shown to effectively avoid the two failure modes. These studies lay a solid foundation to facilitate the use of DE materials, structures, and devices in a wide range of applications such as biomedical devices, adaptive systems, robotics, energy harvesting, etc.

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Section: Computational Methods Of De Viscoelasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concluding Remarks and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of dielectric elastomers: materials, structures, and devices

Qian

2016

JZUS-A

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“…rubber industry and food engineering), both the full geometric and material nonlinearities should be taken into account in order to accurately predict the mechanical behavior of materials and structures that are relatively soft and undergo very large deformations. This need has given birth to nonlinear continuum mechanics in 1960s [16,17]. As a revival of this early research activity, in certain sense, but with fundamentally new grounds, mechanics of soft matter has become a very important and exciting research area in the recent decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifurcation of pressurized functionally graded elastomeric hollow cylinders

Chen

Liu

Kitipornchai

et al. 2017

Composites Part B: Engineering

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Various bifurcation behaviors, including asymmetric axial buckling induced by end thrust, bifurcation under external pressure, and eversion without any loading, of a soft circular hollow cylinder (or cylindrical shell) composed of functionally graded incompressible elastomeric material are considered in a unified way. Based on the nonlinear elasticity theory of a deformable continuous body undergoing large deformation and the linearized incremental theory for a superimposed infinitesimal deformation, an efficient approach for buckling analysis is developed and applied to the cylinder subjected to a combination of axial end thrust and internal/external pressure. It is based on the state-space formalism, which naturally avoids the derivatives of instantaneous material constants, enabling a convenient and accurate numerical implementation. Along with the layerwise method, an analytical characteristic equation (i.e. the bifurcation criterion) governing the general asymmetric buckling of the cylinder is derived. Detailed parametric studies are then carried out for a pressurized soft functionally graded hollow cylinder using an incompressible Mooney-Rivlin material model. The effects of material gradient on bifurcation induced either by end thrust or external pressure are discussed through numerical examples. Not only does this study provide an efficient tool for buckling analysis of soft cylinders, some findings that are unique to a functionally graded material are also highlighted. All in all, it is found highly possible to tune the bifurcation behavior of soft elastomeric cylindrical shells by tailoring material composition and/or adjusting the pressures acting on the surfaces of the cylinder.

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“…The continuum method involves the derivation and restriction of constitutive relations that apply to practical problems in mechanics. These relations are then subjected to balance laws in order to develop a pipeline from problem statement to final configuration [16]. The continuum approach is more general at the cost of requiring significant expertise and complex explanations that are more difficult to follow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy

Parvini

Saadi

Solares

2020

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques have provided and continue to provide increasingly important insights into surface morphology, mechanics, and other critical material characteristics at the nanoscale. One attractive implementation involves extracting meaningful material properties, which demands physically accurate models specifically designed for AFM experimentation and simulation. The AFM community has pursued the precise quantification and extraction of rate-dependent material properties, in particular, for a significant period of time, attempting to describe the standard viscoelastic response of materials. AFM static force spectroscopy (SFS) is one approach commonly used in pursuit of this goal. It is capable of acquiring rich temporal insight into the behavior of a sample. During AFM-SFS experiments the cantilever base approaches samples with a nearly constant velocity, which is manipulated to investigate different timescales of the mechanical response. This manuscript seeks to build upon our previous work and presents an approach to extracting useful linear viscoelastic information from AFM-SFS experiments. In addition, the basis for selecting and restricting the model parameters for fitting is discussed from the perspective of applying this technique on a practical level. This work begins with a guided discussion that develops a fit function from fundamental laws, continues with conditioning a raw SFS experimental dataset, and concludes with the fit and prediction of viscoelastic response parameters such as storage modulus, loss modulus, loss angle, and compliance. These steps constitute a complete guide to leveraging AFM-SFS data to estimate key material parameters, with a series of detailed insights into both the methodology and supporting analytical choices.

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The renaissance of continuum mechanics

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Mechanics of dielectric elastomers: materials, structures, and devices

Mechanics of dielectric elastomers: materials, structures, and devices

Bifurcation of pressurized functionally graded elastomeric hollow cylinders

Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy

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