The removal of phosphate ions from aqueous solution by fly ash, slag, ordinary Portland cement and related blends

Comparative study of microbial community structure in different filter media of constructed wetland

“…Not only does pH appear to have a profound effect on the microbial community composition, but the changes due to pH were similar in very different soils and when very different causes of the pH gradient were studied. Most of the materials that trap P efficiently (Johansson, 1999;Agyei et al, 2002) were characterized by high pH values (9-12), which created an unfavourable environment for bacteria (Renman et al, 2004). Perhaps the alkaline environment in steel slag was not suitable for bacteria to survive, thereby the microbial community was significantly different from the other media.…”

Phosphate removal from aqueous solutions using raw and activated red mud and fly ash

“…However, activated carbon remains an expensive material since its high cost, which restricted its widespread use. In recent years, considerable attention has been paid based on economic and environmental concerns to the study of using different types of low-cost sorbents such as alum sludge [3], red mud (RM) [4][5][6], fly ash (FA) [7] and other waste materials [8,9] as alternative adsorbents for sorption of phosphate from water. Therefore, the sorbent with the best sorption capacity should be selected to satisfy both economic efficiency and convenience.…”

Adsorption removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by active red mud

“…Adsorption is one of the techniques which would be comparatively useful and economical for phosphate removal. In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to low-cost adsorbents such as alum sludge (Galarneau and Gehr, 1997), red mud (Shiao and Akashi, 1977;López et al, 1998;Pradhan et al, 1998), fly ash (Oguz, 2005) and other waste materials (Agyei et al, 2000(Agyei et al, , 2002 as adsorbents for adsorption of phosphate from wastewater economically.…”