The removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater/aqueous solution using polypyrrole-based adsorbents: a review

Abstract

Water pollution caused by heavy metal ions is becoming a serious threat to human and aquatic lives day by day.

Sorption performances of TiO(OH)(H2PO4)·H2O in synthetic and mine waters

“…The rst ion-exchange process between H + and Na + (R.1) occurs very early in the titration and thus it is not possible to determine an accurate value of pK a 1 from the direct titration. As for the second ionexchange process (R.2), pK a 2 was determined using eqn (2) and the resulting plot is shown in Fig. 2b.…”

“…Traditional methods for decreasing the amount of heavy metals in industrial waters include lime precipitation/coagulation when metal ions are present at high concentrations and then ultra-ltration combined with sorption on various ion-exchangers for additional ne purica-tion. 1,2 The choice of the technique is determined by the concentration of metal ions in the water and adsorption has been preferred as a method for levels below 1-10 mg L À1 . The ion-exchange technique has been one of the most frequently enquired methods for nal treatment of waters polluted by heavy metals.…”

Polymer brushes on graphene oxide for efficient adsorption of heavy metal ions from water

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] To minimize the amount of toxic ions in the environment, various approaches have been explored to remove these toxic ions from industrial effluents or water resources, including chemical precipitation, [8][9][10] electrochemical treatments, [11][12][13] ion exchange, 14,15 adsorption, [16][17][18] and so forth. Most heavy metal ions are toxic and constitute a serious health threat for humans and other species when existing in water, even at very low concentrations.…”

“…Most heavy metal ions are toxic and constitute a serious health threat for humans and other species when existing in water, even at very low concentrations. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] To minimize the amount of toxic ions in the environment, various approaches have been explored to remove these toxic ions from industrial effluents or water resources, including chemical precipitation, [8][9][10] electrochemical treatments, [11][12][13] ion exchange, 14,15 adsorption, [16][17][18] and so forth. Among these approaches, adsorption is known to be most promising because of its convenience of operation, low cost, and availability of a diversity of adsorbent materials.…”

Recent progress on nanostructured conducting polymers and composites: synthesis, application and future aspects

“…For example, polymers can obtain good solubility and processability by introducing specific functional groups, i.e., poly (3-hexylthiophene NCP based composites exhibit outstanding performances owing to the synergistic performance derived from each component [15]. Finally, it is motivating to investigate suitable applications of NCPs and NCP-based composites by the increasing number of academic and industrial laboratories [9,16], including energy conversion and storage (batteries, supercapacitors, dielectric capacitors, solar cells, fuel cells) [6,7,14,[17][18][19][20][21][22], chemical sensors [23][24][25][26], biosensors [27][28][29], catalysis [30,31], optical devices [32], electroactive devices [33,34], biomedical devices [12,13], electromagnetic interference shielding [35], corrosion protection [16,36], antistatic agent [9], removal of heavy metal ions [37], tissue engineering [38] and other applications. NCPs and NCPbased composites can provide significant improvement of properties, including enhancing electrolyte diffusion for batteries and supercapacitors, improving dielectric performance in ferroelectric polymers-based capacitors, supporting effective exciton dissociation in solar cells, reducing response times and enhancing sensitivity of biosensors and chemical sensors and raising anti-corrosion efficiency.…”