The Remineralizing Effect of Incorporating Ca-Phosphate and Ca-Fluoride Nanoparticles into the Self-Etch Adhesives Used in Restoring Class I Cavities

Abstract

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the remineralizing effect of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and calcium fluoride (CaF 2) nanoparticles incorporated in two-step self etch-adhesives (in vivo). Materials and Methods: The nanoparticles were incorporated into the bond of Clearfil TM SE Bond at a mass fraction of 10%. A total of ten patients in the age range of 17-30 years old, having at least 3 carious lower molars, were enrolled in this study (split mouth design). Class I cavity preparation was performed, leaving the caries affected dentine at the pulpal floor. The 30 molars were divided into 3 groups (n=10) according to the type of adhesive used (A); namely: self-etch adhesive, Clearfil SE Bond (Control)(A 1), Clear Fill SE Bond incorporated with ACP NPs (A 2) and Clearfil SE Bond incorporated with CaF 2 NPs (A 3). After restoration placement, each tooth was radiographically evaluated at baseline (I 0), after 1 month (I 1) and after 3 months (I 2) to assess the remineralizing effect of the adhesive systems used. Results: The adhesive containing ACP nanoparticles induced the highest remineralization potential during all the study intervals, followed by the adhesive containing (CaF 2) nanoparticles. Conclusion: nanoparticles are capable of remineralizing the caries affected dentin when incorporated into two-step self etch adhesive.

Histopathological Changes after Direct Pulp Capping in Dogs with Bioactive Glass Incorporated in Resin Composite and Adhesive

“…15-b). This result was reported by another study which showed that slight matrix layer was observed in most samples when direct pulp capping by using BG after mechanical pulp exposures on rat molars at one week (28) .…”

“…Exposed pulps were directly capped with both tested materials. After pulp capping, resin composite restoration was used to provide immediate sealing as it has good sealing properties, due to recent improvements in adhesive bonding with cavity walls (11,28,29) . As there is a suggestion which states that the seal's provision opposing the entrance of bacteria could possibly be the highest crucial reason among a successful vital pulp therapy (20) .…”

The Effect of Two Nano Proanthocyanidin-Based Dentin Biomodifiers on Micro Tensile Bond Strength of Dentin Treated with Two Adhesive Modes

“…This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.20). the cross-linking mechanism (2) . Cross-linking of dentin matrix collagen is a natural mechanism occurred in dentin.…”

“…Although the resin monomers uniformly infiltrate the demineralized dentin and do not create a region of unprotected fibrils (2) ; but, small areas of incomplete monomer infiltration could be seen with the use of self-etching adhesives. Also, degradation of the hydrophilic resin monomers could be observed, leading to more collagen liable to hydrolysis (27) (28) .…”

“…The MMPs are enzymes in the organic part of dentin that cleave the unprotected collagen fibrils by hydroxyapatite or resin. MMPs are formed by odontoblasts and kept trapped inside the calcified matrix as an inactive form until caries, erosion, and acid etching for adhesive restoration cause release and activate them (2) . The apatite crystals on collagen fibrils and the non-collagenous proteins could block the access of the catalytic site located on the collagen molecule and keep the MMPs inactive (3) .…”