The Reliability of the African Neuropsychology Battery in Persons of African Descent

Ikanga, Jean; Basterfield, Candice; Taiwo, Zinat; Bragg, Princess; Bartlett, Alexandria; Howard, Christopher; Robert, S; Stringer, Anthony Y.

doi:10.1093/arclin/acac003

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Factors linking migration and cognitive outcomes are complex and, in most cases, multidimensional, impacting initial levels of cognitive function and the rate of cognitive changes over time (Xu, Dupre, et al, 2019). For example, Ikanga et al, in press) tested a core assumption of the African Neuropsychology Battery (ANB), according to which greater African enculturation is associated with better performance on the ANB. The ANB assesses visuospatial perception, naming, memory, and abstract reasoning based on content drawn from sub-Saharan African cultures.…”

Section: Aims Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and opportunities for harmonization of cross-cultural neuropsychological data.

Merkley¹,

Esopenko²,

Zizak

et al. 2023

Neuropsychology

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Objective: In this position article, we highlight the importance of considering cultural and linguistic variables that influence neuropsychological test performance and the possible moderating impact on our understanding of brain/behavior relationships. Increasingly, neuropsychologists are realizing that cultural and language differences between countries, regions, and ethnic groups influence neuropsychological outcomes, as test scores may not have the same interpretative meaning across cultures. Furthermore, attempts to apply the same norms across diverse populations without accounting for culture and language variations will result in detrimental ethical dilemmas, such as misdiagnosis of clinical conditions and inaccurate interpretations of research outcomes. Given the lack of normative data for ethnically and linguistically diverse communities, it is often challenging to merge data across diverse populations to investigate research questions of global significance. Methodological Considerations: We highlight some of the inherent challenges, limitations, and opportunities for efforts to harmonize cross-cultural neuropsychological data. We also explore some of the cultural factors that should be considered when attempting to harmonize cross-cultural neuropsychological data, sources of variance that should be accounted for in data analyses, and the need to identify evaluative criteria for interpreting data outcomes of cross-cultural harmonization approaches. Conclusion: In the future, it will be important to further solidify principles for aggregating data across diverse cultural and linguistic cohorts, validate whether assumptions are being satisfied regarding the relationship between neuropsychological measures and the brain and/or behavior of individuals from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, as well as methods for evaluating relative successful validation for data harmonization efforts.

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Section: Aims Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and opportunities for harmonization of cross-cultural neuropsychological data.

Merkley¹,

Esopenko²,

Zizak

et al. 2023

Neuropsychology

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show abstract

“…Although the participants were multilingual, language proficiency across languages was not formally assessed, and it is unlikely that participants were equally fluent across languages. Since participants were not administered multiple language versions of the measure, we were unable to conduct any analyses that examined cross-language comparisons (Ikanga et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the ANB has the potential to be used in the SSA countries, its applicability requires some caution across all SSA countries. As Ikanga et al (2022) have suggested, the SSA is not a “cultural monolith” and some memory items on ANB tests may not be culturally appropriate in each country in SSA. Therefore, national and regional adaptation to the ANB memory tests may be necessary to some degree.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance on the African neuropsychology battery using the learning ratio in a sample of healthy Congolese

Ikanga,

Taiwo,

Lengu

et al. 2023

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective:Using the African Neuropsychology Battery (ANB), we seek to develop normative data by examining the demographic effects for two learning process scores: initial learning (Trial One) and learning ratio (LR, the percentage of items learned relative of to-be-learned material following Trial 1).Methods:Healthy participants from the Democratic Republic of Congo completed the four memory tests of the ANB: the African Story Memory Test (ASMT), African List Memory Test (ALMT), African Visuospatial Memory Test (AVMT), and African Contextual Visuospatial Memory Test (ACVMT). We developed indices of learning for each subtest, as well as aggregate learning indices for Trial 1 and LR, and composite indices examining verbal, visual, contextual, and noncontextual learning, and grand indices comprising all four subtests.Results:Trial 1 and LR scores each demonstrated acceptable intercorrelations across memory tests. We present normative data for Trial 1 and LR by age and education.Conclusion:These data provide normative standards for evaluating learning in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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“…A second 12-word interference list is then presented after the third learning trial, followed by the short-delayed recall, and then a long-delay free recall trial approximately 20 minutes later. 39…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of the African Neuropsychology Battery Memory Subtests and Learning Slopes in Discriminating APOE 4 and Amyloid Pathology in Adult Individuals in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Ikanga,

Patrick,

Schwinne

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundThe current study examined the sensitivity of two memory subtests and their corresponding learning slope metrics derived from the African Neuropsychology Battery (ANB) to detect amyloid pathology and APOEε4 status in adults from Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Methods85 participants were classified for the presence of β-amyloid pathology and based on allelic presence of APOEε4. All participants were screened using CSID and AQ, underwent verbal and visuospatial memory testing from ANB, and provided blood samples for plasma Aβ42, Aβ40, and APOE proteotype. Pearson correlation, linear and logistic regression were conducted to compare amyloid pathology and APOEε4 status with derived learning scores, including initial learning, raw learning score, learning over trials, and learning ratio.ResultsOur sample included 35 amyloid positive and 44 amyloid negative individuals as well as 42 without and 39 with APOEε4. All ROC AUC ranges for the prediction of amyloid pathology based on learning scores were low, ranging between 0.56-0.70 (95% CI ranging from 0.44-0.82). The sensitivity of all the scores ranged between 54.3-88.6, with some learning metrics demonstrating good sensitivity. Regarding APOEε4 prediction, all AUC values ranged between 0.60-0.69, with all sensitivity measures ranging between 53.8-89.7. There were minimal differences in the AUC values across learning slope metrics, largely due to the lack of ceiling effects in this sample.DiscussionThis study demonstrates that some ANB memory subtests and learning slope metrics can discriminate those that are normal from those with amyloid pathology and those with and without APOEε4, consistent with findings reported in Western populations.

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The Reliability of the African Neuropsychology Battery in Persons of African Descent

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Challenges and opportunities for harmonization of cross-cultural neuropsychological data.

Challenges and opportunities for harmonization of cross-cultural neuropsychological data.

Performance on the African neuropsychology battery using the learning ratio in a sample of healthy Congolese

Sensitivity of the African Neuropsychology Battery Memory Subtests and Learning Slopes in Discriminating APOE 4 and Amyloid Pathology in Adult Individuals in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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