The Reliability of Psychiatric Diagnosis: A New Look.

Schmidt, Herman O.; Fonda, Charles P.

doi:10.1037/11397-001

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…With this order of reliability for a criterion it would have made an adequate prediction impossible. However, if an attempt is made to predict the generic diagnosis of neurosis the criterion shows itself to be more reliable, 0.71 (Schmidt & Fonda, 1956), 0.46 (Norris, 1959) and 0-53 (Kreitman et al, 1961). Even so the criterion is far from perfect and will, therefore, be difficult to predict.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scheier have defined neuroticism as 'those personality characteristics which actually differ significantly between clinically judged neurotics and normals '. This definition holds implicitly that reliable clinical judgments are consistent, yet at the present time diagnostic reliability in psychiatric practice is especially sub judice particularly amongst the neuroses (Hunt, Wittson & Hunt, 1953 ;Kreitman, 1961 ;Kreitman et al, 1961 ;Schmidt & Fonda, 1956).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies of the I.P.A.T.* Neuroticism Scale Questionnaire (NSQ)

Kear‐Colwell

1965

Br J Soc Clin Psychol

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The NSQ was administered to three groups of subjects: sixty neurotic patients, sixty patients with diagnoses other than that of neurosis and sixty normal controls. The groups were defined in terms of age, sex, intelligence and social class. The study was to investigate the validity of the questionnaire. It was found that the test separated the neurotic patients from the other two groups at a high level of confidence (p < 0.01). However, it misclassified one in 7.2 subjects at 8.5 sten the most efficient cut‐off point for identifying neurotics. Secondly the NSQ and the MPI were given to 106 subjects and product moment correlations carried out between the two sets of test scores. All the NSQ factors showed significant positive correlations with the MPI N‐scale. The MPI E‐scale displayed positive relationships with the NSQ F and E factors. It is shown that the two tests measure the same variables but the NSQ measures other factors, one of which is Tendermindedness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the I.P.A.T.* Neuroticism Scale Questionnaire (NSQ)

Kear‐Colwell

1965

Br J Soc Clin Psychol

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“…But even older studies do not warrant the usual assertion as regards major psychopathological taxa. For example, the classic study of Schmidt and Fonda (1956) is often cited for this purpose; but while that research showed grave unreliability in diagnosing many of the old rubrics (and especially their subdivisions), for the clinically important dichotomy schizophrenia/nonschizophrenia the interclinician reliability was .95, better than any psychometric instrument or normal range rating scale I could name. Each diagnostic category should be separately studied, employing skilled clinicians who have been trained in careful diagnosis and "believe in it" as something valid and worth doing.…”

Section: Some Current Objections To Taxonicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors and Taxa, Traits and Types, Differences of Degree and Differences in Kind

Meehl

1992

Journal of Personality

471

448

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A taxon is a notiarbitrary class whose existence is conjectured as ati etnpirical question, not a tnere setnatitic cotivenietice. Numerous taxa are ktiown to exist iti tiature atid society (chemical elements, biological species, organic diseases, geological strata, kitids of stars, elementary particles, races, cultures, Mendelizing mental deficiencies, major psychoses, vocations, ideologies, religions). What personality types, if any, occur in the nonpathological population remains to be researched by sophisticated methods, and cannot be settled by fiat or "dimensional" preference. The intuitive concept of taxonicity is to be explicated by a combination of formal-numerical and causal criteria. Taxometric methods should include consistency tests that provide Popperian risk of strong discorroboration. In social science, latent class methods are probably more useful than cluster algorithms.In the academic year 1939-40,1 took a course in individual differences (regularly taken by all psychology majors at Minnesota in those days) from one of the "greats" of applied psychology, Donald G. Paterson, a founder of what was then called the "student personnel movement." A main theme of Paterson's lectures was that there are no types of persons, that categorical terminology (e.g., "introvert," "bright," "thin") is merely a convenient-and sometimes careless-way of demarcating rough regions on what are in reality quantitative traits, dimensions, or factors. He pointed out, for instance, that Jung had a typology of introverts and extraverts, but then had to add ambiverts, which is where Requests for reprints should be addressed to Paul E. Meehl, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, N218 Elliott Hall, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0344.

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“…Schmidt and Fonda (1956) report on a study in which 426 patients were classified on the broad categories of schizophrenics versus nonschizophrenics. Three psychiatrists showed 91 per cent agreement on their diagnoses.…”

Section: Demography Sociology and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Demography, Sociology and Schizophrenia

Tauss¹

1968

Australian Journal of Social Work

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The Reliability of Psychiatric Diagnosis: A New Look.

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Studies of the I.P.A.T.* Neuroticism Scale Questionnaire (NSQ)

Studies of the I.P.A.T.* Neuroticism Scale Questionnaire (NSQ)

Factors and Taxa, Traits and Types, Differences of Degree and Differences in Kind

Demography, Sociology and Schizophrenia

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