The reliability and validity of pain interference measures in persons with cerebral palsy

Tyler, Erica J.; Jensen, Mark P.; Engel, Joyce M.; Schwartz, Lauren

doi:10.1053/apmr.2002.27466

Cited by 122 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For each item scale, 0 indicated that pain "does not interfere" and 10 indicated that pain "interferes completely." Data support the reliability and validity of the BPI for assessing pain interference in patients with cancer [54,61], and preliminary evidence supports the reliability of the modified Pain Interference subscale for assessing pain interference in patients with pain secondary to physical disability [60,[62][63]. For the present study, Cronbach α for the BPI Pain Interference subscale was 0.95 at preintervention and 0.96 at postintervention.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 79%

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Using cranial electrotherapy stimulation to treat pain associated with spinal cord injury

Tan¹,

Rintala²,

Thornby³

et al. 2006

JRRD

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Abstract-Treatments for chronic pain in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) have been less than effective. Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES), a noninvasive technique that delivers a microcurrent to the brain via ear clip electrodes, has been shown to effectively treat several neurological and psychiatric disorders. The present study examined the effects of daily 1-hour active CES or sham CES treatment (randomly assigned) for 21 days on pain intensity and interference with activities in 38 males with SCI. The active CES group (n = 18) reported significantly decreased daily pain intensity compared with the sham CES group (n = 20) (mean change: active CES = -0.73, sham CES = -0.08; p = 0.03). Additionally, the active CES group reported significantly decreased pain interference (-14.6 pre-vs postintervention, p = 0.004) in contrast to the nonsignificant decrease in the sham CES group (-4.7 pre-vs postintervention, p = 0.24). These results suggest that CES can effectively treat chronic pain in persons with SCI.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…We assessed pre-and postintervention pain interference with a version of the Pain Interference subscale of the BPI that was modified for persons with physical disability [60]. This modified scale has 10 items that are rated on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using cranial electrotherapy stimulation to treat pain associated with spinal cord injury

Tan¹,

Rintala²,

Thornby³

et al. 2006

JRRD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The original BPI Pain Interference scale has demonstrated validity through its strong association to pain severity across a number of different populations 6,14,48 and the modified 10-item version of this scale has demonstrated high levels of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .89) and validity through its strong association with pain intensity in previous samples of persons with disabilities. 48 In the current sample, the internal consistency coefficient of this scale was 0.95.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Pain Catastrophizing and Beliefs Predict Changes in Pain Interference and Psychological Functioning in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury

Hanley

Raichle

Jensen

et al. 2008

The Journal of Pain

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The current study sought to examine how changes in pain-related beliefs and coping responses are related to changes in pain interference and psychological functioning in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) and pain. To measure longitudinal changes in these variables, respondents completed a survey which included measures of pain intensity, pain interference, and psychological functioning, as well as specific psychosocial variables (pain-related beliefs, coping, and social support), and then completed the same survey 6 months later; analyses included only the individuals who reported pain at both times (N = 40). Demographic and injury-related variables were also assessed, but none were found to be significantly associated with changes in functioning. Changes in catastrophizing and belief in one's ability to control pain were each significantly associated with changes in the outcome variables: greater pain interference and poorer psychological functioning. Changes in specific coping strategies and social support were not predictors of changes in pain, interference, or psychological functioning . These findings support a biopsychosocial model of pain in persons with SCI. Intervention studies targeting maladaptive pain-related beliefs and catastrophizing may help to identify the causal nature of these relationships and may improve multidisciplinary treatment of pain in SCI.Perspective-Intervention studies targeting catastrophizing and maladaptive pain-related beliefs may be the next step in determining which variables play a causal role in the pain interference and psychological functioning of individuals with pain and SCI. Keywords coping; cognitions; spinal cord injury; pain; mental health; catastrophizing Pain is a common 8,16 and often difficult to treat 4,50,51 problem in persons with spinal cord injuries (SCI) which can be associated with increased physical and psychological dysfunction, independent of the effects of the injury. 16,27,32,41,43 Given the refractory nature of pain in

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“…The original version of this scale asks respondents to rate the degree to which pain interferes with seven daily activities, including general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, relations with other people, sleep, and enjoyment of life. As in our previous studies where we used this scale for assessing pain interference in persons with disabilities, 33,34 we modified the BPI in two ways. First, we changed item 3 ('Walking ability') to read 'Mobility, that is, your ability to get around,' to be more appropriate for the participants in the current study, many of whom cannot walk.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original BPI Pain Interference scale has demonstrated validity through its strong association to pain severity across a number of samples of cancer patients 32 (see also Cleeland and Ryan 31 ), and the modified version of this scale has demonstrated high levels of internal consistency (Cronbach's a ¼ 0.89) and validity through its strong association with pain intensity in samples of persons with disabilities. 33,34 Data analyses To address the first purpose of the study concerning the difference in pain severity in the current sample and that found in a national normative sample, we compared the subjects' scores on the SF-36 BP scale in the current sample with the published national norms for this same scale 27 using a t-test. Two sets of analyses were performed to address the second study purpose; that is, to examine the association between pain and functioning.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic pain in individuals with spinal cord injury: a survey and longitudinal study

2005

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Study design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal postal survey. Objectives: To (1) compare the severity of pain in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) to national norms, (2) examine the association between pain and measures of (a) psychological functioning, (b) community integration and (c) pain interference with daily activities, and (3) examine the change in the prevalence and intensity of pain over time. Setting: Community. Methods: A total of 147 adults with SCI were surveyed twice, 2-6 years apart. Main outcome measures included presence/absence of pain in general and at specific body sites, 0-10 numerical rating scale of average pain intensity, modified Brief Pain Inventory Pain Interference scale, SF-36 Bodily Pain scale, SF-36 Mental Health scale, Community Integration Questionnaire. Results: Pain was more severe, on average, in this sample of patients with SCI than it is in normative samples. The presence of pain was associated with trends towards poorer psychological functioning and social integration, and the intensity of pain was associated with interference with a number of important basic activities of daily living. Little systematic change was found in pain over a 2-6-year-period, although there was evidence that the prevalence of shoulder pain increases over time. Conclusion: The current findings underscore the serious nature of pain in persons with SCI and provide additional support for the need to identify effective treatments for SCI-related pain.Spinal Cord (2005) 43, 704-712.

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The reliability and validity of pain interference measures in persons with cerebral palsy

Cited by 122 publications

References 10 publications

Using cranial electrotherapy stimulation to treat pain associated with spinal cord injury

Using cranial electrotherapy stimulation to treat pain associated with spinal cord injury

Pain Catastrophizing and Beliefs Predict Changes in Pain Interference and Psychological Functioning in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury

Chronic pain in individuals with spinal cord injury: a survey and longitudinal study

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