The Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of the Ely and Active Knee Extension Tests

Olivencia, Ovidio; Godinez, Gina M; Dages, Justin; Duda, Courtney; Kaplan, Kelby; Kolber, Morey J.; Kaplan,; Kolber,

doi:10.26603/ijspt20200776

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A shortened rectus femoris was examined to determine if this was related to those with anterior knee pain using the student's t-test and also calculated the SEM and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) using MDC = 2 * 1.41 * SEM for rectus femoris muscle length using the reliability data. 25…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Olivencia et al also assessed rectus femoris muscle length using Ely's test and found good inter-rater reliability (ICC = .90) and good intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.91). 25 But, they also only used active knee flexion to assess rectus femoris muscle length. 25 According to Kendall muscle length testing is performed using passive not active movement that increases the distance from the origin and insertion which elongates the muscle in the opposite direction of the muscles action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 But, they also only used active knee flexion to assess rectus femoris muscle length. 25 According to Kendall muscle length testing is performed using passive not active movement that increases the distance from the origin and insertion which elongates the muscle in the opposite direction of the muscles action. 18 Additionally, a muscle crossing two-joints like the hamstrings, are incapable of shortening sufficiently to produce complete range of knee flexion with the hip extended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Falcon Test: An Observer Agreement Study in Subjects With and Without Anterior Knee Pain

Cibulka

Wunderlich

Klockenga

et al. 2023

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy

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Introduction A shortened rectus femoris muscle has been associated with many different musculoskeletal problems. Assessing rectus femoris muscle length is commonly performed using the Modified Thomas Test. However, this test position is often difficult to assume and there are difficulties with reliably measuring rectus femoris length. A method that that uses an easier position to assume and could be more reliable would be beneficial to therapists. The purpose of this study was to determine observer agreement using a new test for assessment of rectus femoris length. A second purpose was to determine if those with anterior knee pain have different rectus femoris muscle length than those without anterior knee pain. Method Fifty-three participants with and without anterior knee pain were enrolled. Rectus femoris muscle length was measured lying prone with the leg measured on the table while the non-measured leg was off the table in a position of 90° hip flexion. Rectus femoris muscle was lengthened by passively bending the knee until a firm end-feel. The angle of knee flexion was then measured. The process was then repeated after a brief rest period. Results Observer agreement assessing rectus femoris length using this method showed “almost perfect” reliability for both intra- and inter-rater testing: intra-rater: ICC = .99, [CI95: .98-.99], inter-rater: ICC = .96, [CI95: .92- .98]. Agreement for the sub-sample of those with anterior knee pain (N=16) showed “almost perfect” reliability for intra-rater (ICC 1,1 = .98); [CI95: 0.94-.99] and inter-rater reliability (ICC 2,1 = 0.88); [CI95: 0.70 -.95]. No differences were noted in rectus femoris length between those without and those with anterior knee pain (t= 0.82, p> 0.01); [CI95: -7.8 -3.33]; (SEM = 1.3°; MDC=3.6°). Conclusion This new method of assessing rectus femoris length is reliable between and within raters. No differences were noted in rectus femoris length between those with anterior knee pain and those without.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Falcon Test: An Observer Agreement Study in Subjects With and Without Anterior Knee Pain

Cibulka

Wunderlich

Klockenga

et al. 2023

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy

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show abstract

“…In their work, an examiner used a goniometer and the participant was immobilized with a belt or side bar. Interestingly, they reported that the MDC was 12° 11 ) . The MDC of the measurement method used in our study was 12.3°, which was consistent with measurements in sitting and supine positions using Image J software.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of the correlation between the knee extension angles in the sitting and supine positions measured using ImageJ software: a prospective cross-sectional study

Nakayama

Nakajima²,

Yamasaki

et al. 2023

J Phys Ther Sci

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[Purpose] We aimed to examine the correlation between the knee extension angles in the sitting and supine positions measured using ImageJ software. [Participants and Methods] A total of 50 legs in 25 healthy participants (17 males and 8 females) were included in our study. The knee extension angle was measured in the sitting and supine positions with the participants actively and maximally extending their knee joint on one side. The participants were photographed from the side with their knees centered in the image. Thereafter, the photographs were imported into the ImageJ image processing software to calculate the knee extension angles. [Results] The mean values of the knee extension angles in the sitting and supine positions were 131.5 ± 11.2° and 132.1 ± 12.2°, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of 0.85. No systematic errors were observed, and the minimal detectable change was 12.9°. [Conclusion] The knee extension angle in the sitting position showed a strong correlation with that in the supine position, with no systematic errors observed. Therefore, measurement of the knee extension angle in the sitting position can be an alternative to its measurement in the supine position.

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“…SLR and AKE were recorded by the following procedures. The active knee extension test (AKE) was performed such that the target limb was set free while the other one was strapped to the bed while the subject was asked to be in supine position 14 . The target limb was marked at the greater trochanter of femur and the lateral malleolus of ankle and a line was drawn to join the markings.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hamstrings tightness and its impact on lower extremity function in asymptomatic individuals with prolonged standing hours Authors

Khalil¹,

Tariq²,

Arsalan³

et al. 2022

IJNMS

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Background: Hamstrings undergo adaptive shortening. It is common in healthy individuals to have a sedentary lifestyle affecting males (91.8%) more than females (78.7%). Hamstring tightness can interrupt ADL’s predisposing the person to further health problems i.e. plantar fasciitis, sacroiliac joint pain, decreased lumbar lordosis, knee pain, quadriceps malfunction, postural disturbances, overstretched lumbar ligaments, reduced muscle strength. Aims and Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of hamstring tightness and its effects on lower extremity function in individuals with prolonged standing. Materials and Methods: 65 participants were chosen for this cross-sectional study by convenient sampling; all were female nurses. The hamstring tightness was measured by the data collection tools i.e. lower limb task questionnaire, straight leg raise test, and active knee extension test after having the consent forms signed by the participants. The data was collected from three big hospitals in the city. Results: The results of the study conducted to see the prevalence of hamstrings tightness and its impact on lower extremity function in asymptomatic individuals with prolonged standing hours showed that only 15.38% of the sample (n=65) with a mean age of 31-35 years were found with bilateral hamstrings tightness while 84.62% were found with no hamstrings tightness. Conclusion: The prevalence of hamstring tightness in asymptomatic individuals with prolonged standing hours is low.

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The Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of the Ely and Active Knee Extension Tests

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

The Falcon Test: An Observer Agreement Study in Subjects With and Without Anterior Knee Pain

The Falcon Test: An Observer Agreement Study in Subjects With and Without Anterior Knee Pain

Examination of the correlation between the knee extension angles in the sitting and supine positions measured using ImageJ software: a prospective cross-sectional study

Prevalence of hamstrings tightness and its impact on lower extremity function in asymptomatic individuals with prolonged standing hours Authors

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