The relevance of outcrossing for the dynamic management of genetic resources in predominantly selfing Triticum aestivum L. (bread wheat)

Enjalbert, Jérôme; Goldringer, Isabelle; David, Jacques; Brabant, Philippe

doi:10.1186/1297-9686-30-s1-s197

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Triticum aestivum is considered as a selfing species because of its cleistogamous flowers. The results here resemble those of recent studies showing a low outcrossing rate, 2.4-10.1% on T. aestivum (Enjalbert et al 1998) and 1-3% on T. turgidum (Tsegaye 1996). Fewer hybrid grains were detected in CM4 than in the other mixtures (1.3% compared with 5.1, 6.2 and 6.3%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The use of microsatellite markers to determine the relative proportions of grain produced by cultivars and the frequency of hybridization in bread wheat mixtures

Fraj¹,

Falentin-Guyomarc'h²,

Monod³

et al. 2003

Plant Breeding

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Two polymorphic microsatellite markers were selected to identify 24 bread wheat cultivars commonly grown in France and to estimate the proportions of cultivar and hybrid grains in the harvests of four 4-cultivar mixtures (CM1-4) planted in equal proportions in farmersÕ fields. This technology was used not only to determine whether a mixture comprises the declared cultivars, but also whether there is any contamination with other cultivars, to identify the contaminants and to estimate their proportions. At harvest, the cultivar proportions ranged from 15 to 37%. Only in the mixture CM2 (ÔMalaccaÕ, ÔSommeÕ, ÔRenanÕ and ÔSoissonsÕ), did the cultivars contribute equally to the harvest. The other cultivar mixtures CM1 (ÔMalaccaÕ, ÔSommeÕ, ÔRenanÕ and ÔCamp Re´myÕ), CM3 (ÔMalaccaÕ, ÔTexelÕ, ÔApacheÕ and ÔAligreÕ) and CM4 (ÔMalaccaÕ, ÔSommeÕ, ÔApacheÕ and ÔVirtuoseÕ) showed significantly unequal cultivar proportions with ÔSommeÕ dominating ÔRenanÕ and ÔCamp Re´myÕ in CM1, and ÔApacheÕ dominating ÔMalaccaÕ and ÔAligreÕ in CM3 and ÔMalaccaÕ in CM4. Similar cultivar proportions were measured with gliadin and glutenin markers in the mixtures CM3 and CM4, confirming the results with microsatellites. No contamination was found. Hybrids accounted for between 1.3 and 6.3% of the grains produced in the four cultivar mixtures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The use of microsatellite markers to determine the relative proportions of grain produced by cultivars and the frequency of hybridization in bread wheat mixtures

Fraj¹,

Falentin-Guyomarc'h²,

Monod³

et al. 2003

Plant Breeding

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“…Although not well documented, the rate of out-crossing of autogamous Aegilops species should be similar to wheat (Boguslavski, 1979). In wheat, outcrossing rates of up to 10% (depending of cultivar and year) were observed on some varieties (Enjalbert et al, 1998). However, outcrossing rates of 0 to 2% are commonly accepted.…”

Section: Pollination Mode Glume Opening and Pollen Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Hybridization between Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Its Wild Relatives in Europe

Zaharieva

Monneveux²

2006

Crop Science

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In Europe, wild wheat relatives of the Triticum–Aegilops complex grow in sympatry with cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spontaneous hybridization is known to occur. With the development of transgenic wheat, an understanding of the likelihood and occurrence of hybridization and introgression between wheat and its relatives is needed for use in risk assessment. To assess the probability of wheat to wild relative gene introgression, the distribution and biology of wheat wild relatives and their genome affinity and crossability with bread wheat were reviewed. Twelve of the 22 known Aegilops species, as well as one wild Triticum species, T. monococcum L. subsp. aegilopoides (Link) Thell., are known to occur in Europe near or within wheat cultivation. Five tetraploid species, Ae. cylindrica Host., Ae. triuncialis L., Ae. geniculata Roth., Ae. neglecta Req. ex Berthol., and Ae. biuncialis Vis., have wide distribution in most European countries. Bread wheat, wild Aegilops species, and Triticum species are predominantly autogamous (except Ae. speltoides Tausch, typically allogamous), but outcrossing among species is possible depending on species sympatry, concurrent flowering, and sexual compatibility. Spontaneous hybridization with wheat was reported for most of the tetraploid Aegilops species. The probability of gene transfer and gene retention in hybrid progenies is, however, higher when a gene is located on a shared genome, particularly on the D genome shared with Ae. cylindrica and Ae. ventricosa Tausch. Case‐by‐case and region‐by‐region assessments are needed to evaluate the risk associated with production and competitiveness of hybrids and their progeny.

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“…Wheat is a mainly selfing species with an outcrossing rate between 2 and 10% (Martin, 1990;Enjalbert et al, 1998;Enjalbert and David, 2000). In a selfing species, a high level of homozygosity is expected at all loci.…”

Section: Within-population Heterosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Inbreeding depression and low between-population heterosis in recently diverged experimental populations of a selfing species

et al. 2010

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In fragmented populations, genetic drift and selection reduce genetic diversity, which in turn results in a loss of fitness or in a loss of evolvability. Genetic rescue, that is, controlled input of diversity from distant populations, may restore evolutionary potential, whereas outbreeding depression might counteract the positive effect of this strategy. We carried out self-pollination and crosses within and between populations in an experimental subdivided population of a selfing species, Triticum aestivum L., to estimate the magnitude of these two phenomena. Surprisingly, for a self-fertilizing species, we found significant inbreeding depression within each population for four of the six traits studied, indicating that mildly deleterious mutations were still segregating in these populations. The progeny of within-and betweenpopulation crosses was very similar, indicating low betweenpopulation heterosis and little outbreeding depression. We conclude that relatively large population effective sizes prevented fixation of a high genetic load and that local adaptation was limited in these recently diverged populations. The kinship coefficient estimated between the parents using 20 neutral markers was a poor predictor of the progeny phenotypic values, indicating that there was a weak link between neutral diversity and genes controlling fitnessrelated traits. These results show that when assessing the viability of natural populations and the need for genetic rescue, the use of neutral markers should be complemented with information about the presence of local adaptation in the subdivided population.

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The relevance of outcrossing for the dynamic management of genetic resources in predominantly selfing Triticum aestivum L. (bread wheat)

Abstract: -The mating system is of major concern for the dynamic management of genetic resources. We investigated the outcrossing rate of six experimental wheat populations, derived from two genetic pools (PA and PB) which

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

The use of microsatellite markers to determine the relative proportions of grain produced by cultivars and the frequency of hybridization in bread wheat mixtures

The use of microsatellite markers to determine the relative proportions of grain produced by cultivars and the frequency of hybridization in bread wheat mixtures

Spontaneous Hybridization between Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Its Wild Relatives in Europe

Inbreeding depression and low between-population heterosis in recently diverged experimental populations of a selfing species

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