The release of persistent organic pollutants from a closed system dicofol production process

Abstract

h i g h l i g h t sPCDD/Fs and RDDTs in dicofol production process were analyzed. The inhalation of RDDTs in the workplace was evaluated. The emissions of RDDTs and PCDD/Fs in dicofol were calculated.The formation pathway of PCDD/Fs was discussed. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tHigh concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) have been found to be produced in chemical processes in which chlorine is a raw material. Samples of workshop air, waste water, waste acid, and the dicofol product were collected from a pesticide factory in China that uses a closed-system dicofol production process, and were analyzed for PCDD/Fs and RDDTs. The RDDTs concentrations were 1.88-17.53 lg m À3 in the workshop air samples, 4.85-456 lg kg À1 in the waste water and waste acid samples, and 4.74 g kg À1 in the dicofol product. The total estimated daily intakes of RDDTs for workers by inhalation in the workplace were in the range of 0.38-3.51 lg kg À1 bw d À1 for moderate activities. The annual amounts of RDDTs and p,p 0 -DDT directly released to the environment via the use of dicofol were 9480 kg and 1080 kg, respectively. The PCDD/F toxicity equivalent values (I-TEQs) in the waste water and waste acid samples ranged from 1.5 to 122 pg I-TEQ kg À1 and 86.3 ng I-TEQ kg À1 in the dicofol sample. The annual amount of PCDD/Fs released to the environment was 0.17 g I-TEQ. From the PCDD/F distribution patterns, it is suggested that the major pathway for PCDD/ F formation involves precursor synthesis during the production of dicofol in the closed-system process.

Immunological quantitative detection of dicofol in medicinal materials

“…[1][2][3] It was first used in China in 1976 and is now used in the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, grains, tea, and medicinal materials, due to its potential effect on adult mites, juvenile nymph mites and their eggs. Since its residues in the environment are persistent, [4][5][6] they can easily cause serious environmental pollution and even pose a threat to organisms in the environment including humans. [7][8][9][10] In recent years, many studies have shown that exposure to DIC in the environment or its residues in foods has severe toxic effects on various mammals and humans, especially on aquatic organisms.…”

Assessing Dicofol Concentrations in Air: Retrospective Analysis of Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling Network Samples from Agricultural Sites in India

“…Dicofol [2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis­(4-chlorophenyl)­ethanol] is an organochlorine pesticide (OCP) that is used in the agricultural sector to control phytophagous mites on food, feeds, and crops (e.g., fruits, vines, ornamentals, vegetables, teas, and cotton). − Technical dicofol is also the hydroxylated derivative of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT). During dicofol synthesis, p , p ′- and o , p ′-DDT are formed as intermediate compounds . While p , p ′-DDT is efficiently converted to p , p ′-dicofol, o , p ′-DDT is not readily chlorinated and is left behind as an impurity; , thus, the existing use of dicofol may also be an important source of o , p ′-DDT to the environment.…”

“…During dicofol synthesis, p , p ′- and o , p ′-DDT are formed as intermediate compounds . While p , p ′-DDT is efficiently converted to p , p ′-dicofol, o , p ′-DDT is not readily chlorinated and is left behind as an impurity; , thus, the existing use of dicofol may also be an important source of o , p ′-DDT to the environment.…”