THE RELEASE OF CORTICOTROPHIN BY ANTERIOR PITUITARY TISSUE <i>IN VITRO</i>

Saffran, Murray; Schally, A. V.

doi:10.1139/y55-054

Cited by 94 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which was found to exist in the hypothalamus (Guillemin and Rosenberg, 1955;Saffran and Schally, 1955), mediates the neural control of the pituitary-adrenocortical system and plays a critical role in the endocrine response to stress. Vale's group Spiess et al, 1981) has isolated and sequenced a 41 amino acid ovine hypothalamic peptide with corticotropin-releasing activity, and this peptide is believed to represent the major physiological CRF (for reviews, see Fink, 1981;Yasuda et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and sequence analysis of the human corticotropin-releasing factor precursor gene.

Shibahara¹,

Morimoto²,

Furutani³

et al. 1983

The EMBO Journal

429

131

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A human genomic DNA segment containing the gene for the corticotropin‐releasing factor precursor has been isolated by screening a gene library with an ovine cDNA probe. The cloned DNA segment has been subjected to restriction endonuclease mapping and nucleotide sequence analysis. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the gene with that of the ovine cDNA indicates that an intron of 800 bp is inserted in the segment encoding the 5′‐untranslated region of the mRNA. The segment corresponding to the protein‐coding and the 3′‐untranslated region of the mRNA is uninterrupted. The mRNA and amino acid sequences of the human corticotropin‐releasing factor precursor have been deduced from the corresponding gene sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of human corticotropin‐releasing factor exhibits seven amino acid substitutions in comparison with the ovine counterpart.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and sequence analysis of the human corticotropin-releasing factor precursor gene.

Shibahara¹,

Morimoto²,

Furutani³

et al. 1983

The EMBO Journal

429

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Not until a piece of hypothalamic tissue was added into the culture was in vitro pituitary release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) possible. 24,25 Organotypic brain tissue culture methodologies reached a distinctive point in the 1960s with a method for maintaining complete rhesus monkey brains ex vivo. Although the releasing factor (corticotrophin-releasing hormone) was not isolated until years later, 26 the in vitro assay was established as an essential method for testing the functional activity of molecules in isolated chromatographic fractions in the process of hormone isolation.…”

Section: Organotypic Models In Central Nervous System Neuroendocrinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discovery of the GnRH peptide would not have been possible without the original experiments involving the organotypic explant coculture of pituitary gland and hypothalamic tissue. 24,25 Organotypic brain tissue culture methodologies reached a distinctive point in the 1960s with a method for maintaining complete rhesus monkey brains ex vivo. This was accomplished by combining a series of fluid pumps and donor monkeys for blood perfusion.…”

Section: Organotypic Explant Systems Played Essential Roles In the Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

From organotypic culture to body‐on‐a‐chip: A neuroendocrine perspective

Schwerdtfeger

Tobet

2018

J Neuroendocrinology

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The methods used to study neuroendocrinology have been as diverse as the discoveries to come out of the field. Maintaining live neurones outside of a body in vitro was important from the beginning, building on methods that dated back to at least the first decade of the 20th Century. Neurosecretion defines an essential foundation of neuroendocrinology based on work that began in the 1920s and 1930s. Throughout the first half of the 20th Century, many paradigms arose for studying everything from single neurones to whole organs in vitro. Two of these survived as preeminent systems for use throughout the second half of the century: cell cultures and explant systems. Slice cultures and explants that emerged as organotypic technologies included such neuroendocrine organs such as the brain, pituitary, adrenals and intestine. The vast majority of these studies were carried out in static cultures for which media were changed over a time scale of days. Tissues were used for experimental techniques such as electrical recording of neuronal physiology in single cells and observation by live microscopy. When maintained in vitro, many of these systems only partially capture the in vivo physiology of the organ system of interest, often because of a lack of cellular diversity (eg, neuronal cultures lacking glia). Modern microfluidic methodologies show promise for organ systems, ranging from the reproductive to the gastrointestinal to the brain. Moving forward and striving to understand the mechanisms that drive neuroendocrine signalling centrally and peripherally, there will always be a need to consider the heterogeneous cellular compositions of organs in vivo.

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“…Although corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) was the first hypothalamic hormone to be demonstrated (Saffran and Schally 1955;Saffran, Schally andBenfey 1955;Schally, Saffran and Zimmerman 1958), attempts to isolate it in pure state were hampered by complexity of assays, interference by vasopressin and ACTH-like substances, possible need for cofactors, the loss of activity during the purification and other reasons. In the course of our continued work on the isolation of hypothalamic releasing and release-inhibiting hormones regulating the secretion of anterior pituitary, we have purified a fraction from hypothalamic extracts of porcine origin which significantly stimulated the release of ACTH in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, Structure and Synthesis of a Heptapeptide with In Vitro ACTH-Releasing Activity from Porcine Hypothalamus

Chang¹,

Huang²,

Arimura³

et al. 1981

Horm Metab Res

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Significant CRF activity was found in a fraction with Rf = 0.82-0.7 or VEIVT = 0.41 -0.48 obtained by gel filtration of acid extracts of pig hypothalami on Sephadex G-25. The activity of this fraction decreased markedly during subsequent purification, particularly in the last two steps. From this fraction, a heptapeptide with significant ACTH releasing activity in vitro, was isolated in pure state, and its amino acid sequence was established as H-Phe-Ile-Tyr-His-Ser-Tyr-Lys-OH. This heptapeptide was synthesized by solid phase methods. The CRF activity of synthetic heptapeptide in vitro was low but could be potentiated by a cofactor fraction from rat hypothalamic extract.

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THE RELEASE OF CORTICOTROPHIN BY ANTERIOR PITUITARY TISSUE IN VITRO

Cited by 94 publications

References 0 publications

Isolation and sequence analysis of the human corticotropin-releasing factor precursor gene.

Isolation and sequence analysis of the human corticotropin-releasing factor precursor gene.

From organotypic culture to body‐on‐a‐chip: A neuroendocrine perspective

Isolation, Structure and Synthesis of a Heptapeptide with In Vitro ACTH-Releasing Activity from Porcine Hypothalamus

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