The Relaxation Inventory: Self-Report Scales of Relaxation Training Effects

Crist, Dwayne A.; Rickard, Henry C.; Prentice‐Dunn, Steven; Barker, Harry R.

doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5304_8

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Women completed the Physiological Tension and Physical Assessment subscales of Relaxation Inventory (Crist, Rickard, Prentice-Dunn, & Barker, 1989), designed specifically to assess the efficacy of relaxation protocols, upon arrival and following the relaxation period. This inventory includes 35 items (e.g., my jaw is set tight; I have a clear mind) rated on 7-point Likert scales.…”

Section: Psychological Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal responses to induced maternal relaxation during pregnancy

DiPietro

Costigan

Nelson

et al. 2008

Biological Psychology

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Fetal responses to induced maternal relaxation during the 32 nd week of pregnancy were recorded in 100 maternal-fetal pairs using a digitized data collection system. The 18-minute guided imagery relaxation manipulation generated significant changes in maternal heart rate, skin conductance, respiration period, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Significant alterations in fetal neurobehavior were observed, including decreased fetal heart rate (FHR), increased FHR variability, suppression of fetal motor activity (FM), and increased FM-FHR coupling. Attribution of the two fetal cardiac responses to the guided imagery procedure itself, as opposed to simple rest or recumbency, is tempered by the observed pattern of response. Evaluation of correspondence between changes within individual maternal-fetal pairs revealed significant associations between maternal autonomic measures and fetal cardiac patterns, lower umbilical and uterine artery resistance and increased FHR variability, and declining salivary cortisol and FM activity. Potential mechanisms that may mediate the observed results are discussed.

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Section: Psychological Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal responses to induced maternal relaxation during pregnancy

DiPietro

Costigan

Nelson

et al. 2008

Biological Psychology

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“…A high score refers to a high level of relaxation. The Kudar-Richardson-20 reliability coefficients of PT, PA, and CT are 0.89, 0.95, and 0.81 [41].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of Monochord Music on Heart Rate Variability and Self-Reports of Relaxation in Healthy Adults

et al. 2017

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Background: Music-based interventions are considered an effective and low-cost treatment option for stress-related symptoms. The present study aimed to examine the trajectories of the psychophysiological response in apparently healthy participants during a music-based relaxation intervention compared to a verbal relaxation exercise. Material and Methods: 70 participants were assigned to either receptive live music (experimental group) or a prerecorded verbal relaxation exercise (control group). Self-ratings of relaxation were assessed before and after each intervention on visual analogue scales and the Relaxation Inventory (RI). The heart rate variability (HRV) was continuously recorded throughout the sessions. Statistical analysis focused on HRV parameters indicative of parasympathetic cardiovascular outflow. Results: We found significant quadratic main effects for time on the mean R-R interval (heart rate), the high-frequency power of HRV (indicative of parasympathetic activity), and the self-ratings of relaxation in both groups. A significant group × time interaction was observed for the cognitive tension subscale of the RI. Conclusions: Participants in both groups showed psychophysiological changes indicative of greater relaxation over the course of the interventions. However, differences between groups were only marginal. Music might be effective in relieving stress and promoting relaxation by altering the autonomic nervous system function. Future studies need to explore the long-term outcomes of such interventions.

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“…Relaxation was assessed by the Relaxation Inventory (RI) which has been found to be valid and reliable (Crist, Rickard, Prentice-Dunn, & Barker, 1989). This scale lists items which are used to assess the effects of relaxation training.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of HeartMath Training Programme on Physiological and Psychological Variables

Field¹,

Edwards²,

Edwards³

et al. 2018

GJHS

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This study investigated biofeedback using heart rate variability (HRV) and psychometric measures. An original, mixed, quantitative and qualitative, within subjects, pre-test and post-test design was employed to evaluate the influence of a HeartMath training programme on measures of HRV, sense of coherence, mindfulness and relaxation in a convenience sample of 13 participants with age range 26-62 (M = 41.46, SD = 14.39) years. Participants were required to attend a three-hour workshop and complete 30 minutes of HeartMath training that included 5 different biofeedback sessions. Paired sample t-tests indicated significant differences on all outcome variables with medium to large effect sizes. Qualitative findings revealed positive and informative experiences of taking part in the research. Integrated findings supported and extended previous studies attesting to the value of HeartMath training.

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The Relaxation Inventory: Self-Report Scales of Relaxation Training Effects

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Fetal responses to induced maternal relaxation during pregnancy

Fetal responses to induced maternal relaxation during pregnancy

Effects of Monochord Music on Heart Rate Variability and Self-Reports of Relaxation in Healthy Adults

Influence of HeartMath Training Programme on Physiological and Psychological Variables

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