The Relative Strengths of Acids in n-Butyl Alcohol<sup>1</sup>

Wooten, L. A.; Hammett, Louis P.

doi:10.1021/ja01314a072

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, further increases in slope occur on shifting successively to ethanol and n-propanol. Such results are to be expected, for as others have pointed out [48,50] see table 8).…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

“…Some of their results were obtained colorimetrically, but in th e most complete set of measurements the strengths of some 20 monosubstituted benzoic acids relative to benzoic acid itself were compared by an emf method in 8 different solvents 5 of which were anhydrous alcohols and th e remaining 3, dioxane-water mixtures of varying dielectric constant [47 and 6]. The method adopted (compare [48]) employed concentration cells of the type:…”

Section: Mono-ortho and Di-ortho Substituted Benzoic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T herefore, an al ternative explanation-hydrogen-bonding of solven t mo~ecul es to ~h e o-OH group-should not be excluded III accountmg for th e departures from th e norms observed for solu tions in water , dioxane-water, an d ethylen e glyco1. 48 It seems desirable to reemphasize what we consider an especially important result of this investigation: the discovery that o-toluic acid shows normal acidity in benzene, instead of the anomalously high acidity exhibited when in aqueous solu tions (4. 2.d) .…”

Section: Ortho-substiluted Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature on the acidic strengths of benzoic acids having the same group substituted in both ortho-positions is meager, even for aqueous solutions (compare footnotes 0 and q of table 1) . In reviewing the work of other investigators we have noted only one case of such an acid-that of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid-in which the effect of a change of solvent (from water to n-butanol) on the acidity was measured [48].…”

Section: Ortho-substiluted Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relative strengths of forty aromatic carboxylic acids in benzene at 25-degrees-C

Davis¹,

Hetzer²

1958

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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The r ela tive stre ngths of ben zoic acid, 31 of its monosubstit ut ed derivatives, 7 disubstit uted d erivatives, and one trisubstituted derivative have been measured in t erms of the equilibrium constants (I(") for a ssociation with t he reference base 1,3-diphenylguanidine in benzene at 25° C. The measurements were performed spectrophotometrically, using the indicator a cid bromophthalein m a gen ta E (tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester) as the reference acid, t he equilibrium con stant [(' for association of the indicat or with diphenylguauidine being known from pre vious work. Equilibrium con st ants for p-orsellinic (2,6-dihydroxy-p-toluic) acid and 2,4,6-trinitroben zoic a cid could not be m ea sured , a s t hese a cids appear t o associat e completely with diphenylguanidine under the condit ions of t h e experiments. Plotting log [(" values against t he corresponding p[(v a lues for aqueous solutions of t he a cids gives a n essentially linear relationship in the case of acids with m ela-a nd par asubst ituents only, but the line for pam-substituted acids has a slightly differen t slope from t he line for m-subst i tuted acids. Similar comparisons were made with published data on relative strengths in a lcohols or dioxane-wat er mixtures. orlho-Substit uted a cids show m arked solvent effects. Explanations of the solvent effeets h ave been suggested , a nd various t heoretical implications and possible applications of the r esults are discussed. The t h eor•etical discuss ion includes e valuation of constants of the H ammett equation.

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“…Moreover, further increases in slope occur on shifting successively to ethanol and n-propanol. Such results are to be expected, for as others have pointed out [48,50] see table 8).…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Mono-ortho and Di-ortho Substituted Benzoic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ortho-substiluted Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ortho-substiluted Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Relative strengths of forty aromatic carboxylic acids in benzene at 25-degrees-C

Davis¹,

Hetzer²

1958

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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“…Potentiometric studies were performed with quinhydrone electrodes in a concentration cell with liquid junction (0.050 mol kg −1 tetraethylammonium picrate) at 25.0 ± 0.1°C 24. Gold electrodes appeared to be more suitable as compared with platinum ones, in accordance with literature data 25, 26. A P 37‐1 potentiometer was used for emf measurements.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 72%

A generic framework for constructing cross‐realm C2C‐PAKA protocols based on the smart card

Xu¹,

Zhu²,

Jin³

2011

Concurrency and Computation

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SUMMARYA cross-realm client-to-client password-authenticated key agreement (C2C-PAKA) protocol allows network clients from different realms managed by different servers to agree on a session key in an authentic manner based on easily memorizable passwords. In this paper, we present a generic framework for constructing a cross-realm C2C-PAKA protocol from any secure smart card-based password authentication (PA-SC) protocol. The security proof of our construction can be derived from the underlying PA-SC protocol employing the same assumptions. Our generic framework appears to be the first one with provable security. In addition, compared with similar protocols, the instantiation of our construction achieves improved efficiency.

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Hammett Memorial Lecture

Shorter¹

1990

Progress in Physical Organic Chemistry

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The Relative Strengths of Acids in n-Butyl Alcohol¹

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Relative strengths of forty aromatic carboxylic acids in benzene at 25-degrees-C

Relative strengths of forty aromatic carboxylic acids in benzene at 25-degrees-C

A generic framework for constructing cross‐realm C2C‐PAKA protocols based on the smart card

Hammett Memorial Lecture

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The Relative Strengths of Acids in n-Butyl Alcohol1

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Relative strengths of forty aromatic carboxylic acids in benzene at 25-degrees-C

Relative strengths of forty aromatic carboxylic acids in benzene at 25-degrees-C

A generic framework for constructing cross‐realm C2C‐PAKA protocols based on the smart card

Hammett Memorial Lecture

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The Relative Strengths of Acids in n-Butyl Alcohol¹