The relative risk of motor vehicle collision on cannabis celebration day in Great Britain

Vandoros, Sotiris; Kawachi, Ichiro

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2019.02.013

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our findings have implications for public health policymakers, regional emergency medicine systems, event medical services providers, local EDs and ED clinicians. First, since a substantial proportion of cannabis-related visits on April 20 seem to involve inexperienced cannabis users, high-potency cannabis, or edible products with limited dosing information, policy makers should continue to develop regulatory regimes that address these safety gaps 14. Second, since the increase in demand for local ED services is similar to that occuring during music festivals, the chain-of-survival framework adapted for these contexts should be applied to 4/20 festivals 22.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Event organisers maintain that cannabis-related medical incidents at 4/20 festivals are rare but reports in the popular press sometimes imply that local EDs are flooded with patients 12. April 20 is associated with a 12%–18% increase in fatal motor vehicle crashes and a 10-fold increase in cannabis-related poison centre calls, suggesting 4/20-related health consequences might be inapparent to organisers if they occur at some distance from the festival site 13–15. Examining the acute medical consequences of the 4/20 festival might guide the development of harm reduction initiatives and inform the efficient allocation of resources within regional emergency medical systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergency department visits during the 4/20 cannabis celebration

et al. 2019

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BackgroundAnnual ‘4/20’ cannabis festivals occur around the world on April 20 and often feature synchronised consumption of cannabis at 4:20 pm. The relationship between these events and demand for emergency medical services has not been systematically studied.MethodsWe conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study in Vancouver, Canada, using 10 consecutive years of data (2009–2018) from six regional hospitals. The number of emergency department (ED) visits between 4:20 pm and 11:59 pm on April 20 were compared with the number of visits during identical time intervals on control days 1 week earlier and 1 week later (ie, April 13 and April 27) using negative binomial regression.ResultsA total of 3468 ED visits occurred on April 20 and 6524 ED visits occurred on control days. A non-significant increase in all-cause ED visits was observed on April 20 (adjusted relative risk: 1.06; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.12). April 20 was associated with a significant increase in ED visits among prespecified subgroups including a 5-fold increase in visits for substance misuse and a 10-fold increase in visits for intoxication. The hospital closest to the festival site experienced a clinically and statistically significant 17% (95% CI 5.1% to 29.6%) relative increase in ED visits on April 20 compared with control days.InterpretationSubstance use at annual ‘4/20’ festivals may be associated with an increase in ED visits among key subgroups and at nearby hospitals. These findings may inform harm reduction initiatives and festival medical care service planning.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency department visits during the 4/20 cannabis celebration

et al. 2019

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“…Kaip ir greičio viršijimas, taip ir vairavimas apsvaigus nuo alkoholio ar psi-chotropinių medžiagų yra viena svariausių žūčių keliuose priežasčių (Borges et al, 2021;Rehm et al, 2019). Vairuojant transporto priemonę apsvaigus nuo alkoholio ar psichotropinių medžiagų patekti į eismo įvykį tikimybė yra didesnė tarp jaunų vairuotojų, kadangi jauniems vairuotojams trūksta patirties vairuojant, nevisiškai susiformavęs atsakomybės jausmas (Vandoros & Kawachi, 2019). Tyrimais nustatyta, kad britų balandžio 20 d. švenčiamos "kanapių dienos" (420 day) metu eismo įvykių skaičius išauga 17,9 % lyginant su dienomis 2 savaičių laikotarpiu prieš šią dieną ir 2 savaites po jos.…”

Section: įVadasunclassified

Dynamics and Causes of Crashes on Lithuanian Roads

Naidič,

Bražiūnas

2023

Science - Future of Lithuania

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Lithuania is the only European Union country that has reduced the number of road deaths by more than 50% from 2011 to 2021. However, even with significant progress, Lithuania has 53 deaths per 1 million inhabitants and Lithuania is still behind the EU average, which was 45 deaths per 1 million inhabitants in 2021. The purpose of this study is to determine the dynamics of deaths on Lithuanian roads in 2019–2021 using statistical methods and to systematically assess the causes of fatal traffic accidents. Also to propose factors (criteria) that would allow to improve the traffic safety situation in Lithuania and reach the average of European Union countries. The study carried out an analysis of traffic accidents in which people died on Lithuanian roads in 2019–2021. The dynamics of the distribution of events according to their causes during the studied period were analysed. It was established that the most important causes of fatal traffic accidents in Lithuania are related to inappropriate behaviour of drivers and pedestrians. This is driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, exceeding the speed limit, or driving at an unsafe speed. Also, inadequate, or unsafe infrastructure and poor technical condition of vehicles have a significant impact on fatal traffic accidents. After analysing the results of other scientists’ research, evaluating the experience of other countries, a list of measures (actions) divided into 3 groups was created. The use of these measures would further reduce the number of incidents in Lithuania. In future studies, it is planned to determine the importance of the presented factors based on the opinion of experts.

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“…The data included 22 different slang words for cannabis, for example dänkki 'dank,' budi 'bud,' or savu 'smoke.' Moreover, 55 usernames included the number 420, a reference to the unofficial international cannabis day on April 20 th (Vandoros & Kawachi 2019). The usernames also referred to certain cannabis strains like Laughing Buddha, OG Kush, or Purple Haze.…”

Section: Relationship To Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usernames on a Finnish Online Marketplace for Illegal Drugs

Hämäläinen

Haasio²,

Harviainen³

2021

names

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Usernames play a major role in online communication by providing a vital first impression and including clues about the identities and personal characteristics of users. Usernames are extremely important in the online trade of illegal drugs, which carries several risks and therefore requires a high degree of trust between the transaction parties. This study examines how sellers and buyers of illegal drugs represent themselves in their usernames. Data on 1,654 usernames collected from a Finnish darknet marketplace, Torilauta (2017–2020) are analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The usernames are mostly in Finnish and often feature slang and spoken language expressions. Many names include clues about a user’s age, gender, and location. References to various illegal drugs in usernames were found to express a close relationship with the substances. In contrast, they only rarely utilize typical real-life marketing strategies, which suggests that the users do not seek publicity and do not wish to enhance their online reputation. Differences between drug sellers’ and buyers’ usernames are minimal, possibly because of group overlap. Overall, it appears that the users aim to blend in with the drug user community rather than stand out from it by building distinctive images of themselves.

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The relative risk of motor vehicle collision on cannabis celebration day in Great Britain

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Emergency department visits during the 4/20 cannabis celebration

Emergency department visits during the 4/20 cannabis celebration

Dynamics and Causes of Crashes on Lithuanian Roads

Usernames on a Finnish Online Marketplace for Illegal Drugs

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