The relative position of the human fibula to the tibia influences cross‐sectional properties of the tibia

Auerbach, Benjamin M.; Gooding, Alice F; Shaw, Colin N.; Sylvester, Adam D.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23196

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Regarding the leg, while the body of evidence on the structural and biomechanical properties on the tibiofibular complex in adults is progressively increasing (Auerbach et al, 2017 ; Marchi & Shaw, 2011 ; Rantalainen et al, 2010 , 2014 ; Tümer et al, 2019 ), scarce information is available for subadult individuals, with analyses focusing mostly on the tibia (Gosman et al, 2013 ; Hubbell et al, 2011 ). The importance of considering leg bones together (and not the tibia alone) to better understand load distribution in the distal segment of the lower limb has been previously stressed in anthropological and biomechanical studies (Funk et al, 2004 , 2007 ; McNeil et al, 2009 ; Scott et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, some studies brought attention to the functional role of the fibula in transmitting to the foot a portion of the mechanical load encountered during gait by the leg, which varies between 5% and 19% depending on ankle position (Funk et al, 2004; Goh et al, 1992; Lambert, 1971; Takebe et al, 1984). Moreover, recent research on the diaphyseal CSG properties of the fibula allowed the association of fibular structure to diverse mobility patterns in modern humans (Auerbach et al, 2017; Hagihara & Nara, 2016; Lüscher et al, 2019; Marchi et al, 2011; Marchi & Shaw, 2011; Sparacello et al, 2014), great apes (Marchi, 2005, 2007), and non‐hominoid primates (Marchi, 2015b), with further application in paleoanthropology and the origins of bipedal locomotion (Marchi, 2015a; Marchi et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between bipedalism and growth: A metric assessment in a documented modern skeletal collection (Certosa Collection, Bologna, Italy)

Pietrobelli

Marchi

Belcastro

2021

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives: Long bone variations during growth are susceptible to the combined action of nutritional, hormonal, and genetic factors that may modulate the mechanical forces acting upon growing individuals as they progressively acquire a mature gait.In this work, we explore diaphyseal length and breadth variations of tibia and fibula during ontogeny (a) to test the presence of changes in relation to early toddling, and (b) to further our understanding of developmental patterns in relation to sex. Materials and Methods: Lengths, breadths, and indices were analyzed on right and left leg bones of 68 subadult individuals (Human Identified Skeletal Collection of the University of Bologna, Italy). Analyses included intersex and age classes (1, 0-1 year; 2, 1.1-3 years; 3, 3.1-6 years) comparisons, linear regressions with age and assessment of correlation among tibial and fibular measurements, as well as principal component analysis. Results: A significant difference emerged among age class 1 and the others. Age class 1 and 3 differ between them, while age class 2 overlaps with the others. No sex dimorphism was detected. All measurements were strongly correlated with age. Tibial and fibular measurements correlated with each other. Conclusions: Our results relate the progressive emergence of toddling attempts in growing individuals at the end of the first year of age. No significant sex differences

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between bipedalism and growth: A metric assessment in a documented modern skeletal collection (Certosa Collection, Bologna, Italy)

Pietrobelli

Marchi

Belcastro

2021

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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“…This study would have benefited from including the fibula in the analysis of the lower limb. Recent work has shown that including fibular shape and robusticity provides more information about mobility than the tibia alone (Auerbach et al 2017;Hagihara and Nara 2016;Sparacello et al 2014). The urban Alkmaar sample showed substantially greater variation in cross-sectional properties compared to both rural samples (Table 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Habitual Activity in Pre-industrial Rural and Urban Dutch Populations: A Study of Lower Limb Cross-sectional Geometry

Saers

Hoogland

Rijn

et al. 2017

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This study combines historical data and the principles of bone functional adaptation to examine variation in terrestrial mobility in men and women from pre-industrial urban (Alkmaar 7M, 9F) and rural (Klaaskinderkerke 12M, 8F; Middenbeemster 21M, 22F) Dutch populations. Cross-sectional properties of the femoral and tibial midshaſt are determined to investigate variation in lower limb mechanical loading. All populations had comparable age ranges. Rural Middenbeemster males had significantly more elliptically shaped tibiae compared to the other populations. Rural males from Klaaskinderkerke had significantly greater femoral cross-sectional area and torsional rigidity compared to females. In the tibia, the males from both rural populations had greater torsional rigidity and cross-sectional area compared to females. In the rural Middenbeemster population the males also had significantly more elliptically shaped tibiae compared to females. While no sexual dimorphism was found in the urban Alkmaar, significantly greater variation in lower limb cross-sectional properties was found for both males and females relative to the rural populations. These results conform to predictions based on the historical literature of greater lower limb loading in rural males compared to females as well as a greater variety of tasks performed in urban environments. The lack of significant differences in lower limb torsional rigidity or shape between populations in either sex suggests that rural life was not necessarily more physically strenuous than urban life in pre-industrial Dutch populations. However, variation in sexual dimorphism suggests that labor between males and females was differently organized in the rural and urban samples.

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“…Based on these results and on the documented relationship between bone curvature and activity level and mobility 1–3 , we can assume that most of the observed temporal variation in tibial curvature is derived from non-genetic influences. We must also bear in mind the fact that the tibia is part of a complex with the fibula and that studies focusing on the tibia alone may provide an incomplete picture of leg functional anatomy 67,71 . Taking this into consideration, future studies should also address the fibular shape and robusticity and the anatomical position of the fibula relative to the tibia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional geometry of human tibial anterior curvature in chronologically distinct population samples of Central Europeans (2900 BC – 21st century AD)

Brzobohatá

Krajíček

Velemínský

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Several lines of bioarchaeological research have confirmed the gradual decline in lower limb loading among past human populations, beginning with the transition to agriculture. The goal of this study was to assess whether human tibial curvature reflects this decline, with a special emphasis on the time-span during which the pace of technological change has been the most rapid. Our study is the first (1) to apply longitudinal curvature analysis in the antero-posterior (A–P) and medio-lateral (M–L) planes to the human tibia, and (2) that incorporates a broad temporal population sample including the periods of intensification of agriculture, urbanization and industrialization (from 2900 BC to the 21st century AD; N = 435) within Czech territories. Using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics, we investigated whether anterior tibial curvature mirrors assumed diminishing lower limb loading between prehistoric and industrialized societies and explored its shape in all three dimensions. Results showed the continuous trend of A–P straightening of the shaft. This straightening was associated with a relative sigmoidal curve accentuation in the M-L plane. Given the timescale involved and the known phenomenon of declining mobility, such adaptive changes in bone geometry can be interpreted in terms of the diminishing biomechanical demands on the tibia under different living conditions.

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The relative position of the human fibula to the tibia influences cross‐sectional properties of the tibia

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

The relationship between bipedalism and growth: A metric assessment in a documented modern skeletal collection (Certosa Collection, Bologna, Italy)

The relationship between bipedalism and growth: A metric assessment in a documented modern skeletal collection (Certosa Collection, Bologna, Italy)

A Habitual Activity in Pre-industrial Rural and Urban Dutch Populations: A Study of Lower Limb Cross-sectional Geometry

Three-dimensional geometry of human tibial anterior curvature in chronologically distinct population samples of Central Europeans (2900 BC – 21st century AD)

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