The relative importance of retinal error and prediction in saccadic adaptation

Collins, Thérèse; Wallman, Josh

doi:10.1152/jn.00746.2011

Cited by 62 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In agreement with previous reports (Cherici et al, 2012), noticeable idiosyncratic variability existed in the amplitude distribution of fixational saccades, so that the mean amplitude varied across observers. As a consequence, because the intrasaccadic target step was proportional to the saccade amplitude, subjects with larger fixational saccades were also exposed, on average, to larger target displacements.…”

Section: Adaptation Of Fixational Saccadessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Saccadic adaptation is known to rely on an extraretinal signal, an internal copy of the motor command known as corollary discharge or efference copy, to predict the retinal position of the target after the saccade (Bahcall and Kowler, 2000;Wong and Shelhamer, 2011;Collins and Wallman, 2012;. A large body of evidence indicates that such corollary discharge signals are also important for establishing stable spatial representations across saccades (Ross et al, 2001;Sommer and Wurtz, 2002;Hamker et al, 2008;Cavanagh et al, 2010;Hafed, 2013;Poletti et al, 2013a), perhaps even spatiotopic ones, as has been recently shown for large saccade adaptation (Zimmermann et al, 2011). In addition to creating the need for motor tuning, the stimulus manipulations present during saccadic adaptation experiments also affect perceptual representations, as they cause systematic mismatches between the postsaccadic retinal inputs and their presaccadic motor predictions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we estimated the direction and amplitude of a fixational saccade during its occurrence (Robinson et al, 2003;Havermann and Lappe, 2010) and displaced the fixation marker on the basis of these two parameters. That is, we simultaneously applied the adaptation procedure in all saccadic directions and examined whether this approach leads to a global adjustment in the amplitude of fixational saccades (Rolfs et al, 2010). Because the characteristics of fixational saccades vary widely across individuals, this strategy exposed different subjects to different intrasaccadic displacements.…”

Section: Adaptation Of Fixational Saccadesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine-Scale Plasticity of Microscopic Saccades

et al. 2014

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When asked to maintain their gaze steady on a given location, humans continually perform microscopic eye movements, including fast gaze shifts known as microsaccades. It has long been speculated that these movements may contribute to the maintenance of fixation, but evidence has remained contradictory. We used a miniaturized version of saccadic adaptation, an experimental procedure by which motor control of saccades is modified through intrasaccadic displacements of the target. We found that the statistical distribution of microsaccade amplitudes changes after brief exposure to systematic shifts of the fixation point during microsaccade occurrence. Shifts in the same directions as microsaccades produce movements with larger amplitudes, whereas shifts against microsaccade directions result in smaller movements. Our findings show that microsaccades are precisely monitored during fixation and that their motor program is modified if the postsaccadic target position is not at the expected retinal location. These results demonstrate that saccadic adaptation occurs even when the stimulus is already close to the foveal center and precise execution of the movement may not be critical. They support the proposal that adaptation is necessary to maintain a consistent relationship between motor control and its visual consequences and that the representation of space is intrinsically multimodal, even during fixation.

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Section: Adaptation Of Fixational Saccadessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adaptation Of Fixational Saccadesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine-Scale Plasticity of Microscopic Saccades

et al. 2014

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“…saccades: Walker & McSorley, 2006Burke & Barnes, 2008a;Collins & Wallman, 2012). This view has strong resonance with results from recent neuroimaging experiments where Silk et al (2010) have suggested that neural activity in the right SMG reflects the generation of spatial map or co-ordinate system via which information about target/object location can be retained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The contribution of the right supra-marginal gyrus to sequence learning in eye movements

et al. 2013

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We investigated the role of the human right Supra-Marginal Gyrus (SMG) in the generation of learned eye movement sequences. Using MRI-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) we disrupted neural activity in the SMG whilst human observers performed saccadic eye movements to multiple presentations of either predictable or random target sequences. For the predictable sequences we observed shorter saccadic latencies from the second presentation of the sequence. However, these anticipatory improvements in performance were significantly reduced when TMS was delivered to the right SMG during the inter-trial retention periods. No deficits were induced when TMS was delivered concurrently with the onset of the target visual stimuli. For the random version of the task, neither delivery of TMS to the SMG during the inter-trial period nor during the presentation of the target visual stimuli produced any deficit in performance that was significantly different from the no-TMS or control conditions. These findings demonstrate that neural activity within the right SMG is causally linked to the ability to perform short latency predictive saccades resulting from sequence learning. We conclude that neural activity in rSMG constitutes an instruction set with spatial and temporal directives that are retained and subsequently released for predictive motor planning and responses.3

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“…There is increasing evidence that saccade adaptation uses sensory prediction errors as its key error signal (Bahcall and Kowler 2000;Chen-Harris et al 2008;Ethier et al 2008;Wong and Shelhamer 2011;Collins and Wallman 2012;Herman et al 2013b), rather than simple sensory (retinal) error (Wallman and Fuchs 1998;Noto and Robinson 2001). In the parlance of internal model theories, a "forward model" estimates the predicted sensory error of a movement, while an "inverse model" translates the desired movement goal into the necessary motor commands to control the dynamics of the eye and muscle plant.…”

Section: Bayesian Switching and Integration Of Sensory Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%