The relative effectiveness of immediate and delayed corrective feedback in video-based computer-mediated communication

Abstract

This study investigated the relative effectiveness of immediate and delayed corrective feedback on the acquisition of -ing/ -ed participial adjectives by Spanish English-as-a-foreign-language learners in video-based computer-mediated communication. Fifty-two participants took part in a communicative task in one of four groups (two experimental and two control). The immediate-feedback group received explicit corrective feedback during the task whereas the delayed-feedback group received the feedback 24 hours later by means of an edited video recording of the interaction. The effects of the feedback were measured through an oral production task and an untimed grammaticality judgment test. Although the results showed no differences between the two feedback timing groups and control participants on the grammaticality judgment test, both feedback groups outperformed the control group on the oral production task without showing statistically significant timing effects.

Effectiveness of explicit and implicit corrective feedback in a video-based SCMC environment

“…As most previous studies have been conducted in face-to-face or text-based SCMC conditions, the current study extends the existing body of research by showing that CF provided in videobased SCMC may also be beneficial for L2 acquisition. This result is consistent with the findings of a small number of prior studies that also reported positive results for CF in videobased SCMC (Canals et al, 2021;Monteiro, 2014;Rassaei, 2017). The finding that learners in the treatment groups made significant gains over time suggests that CF was effective in drawing their attention to the target form and contributed to the development of their internal L2 system (Abbuhl, 2021;Gass, 1997).…”

“…However, in a study focusing on vocabulary learning, Yanguas (2012) reported that the group that received CF during video chat failed to maintain their gains on a production task over time. In two recent studies, Rassaei (2017) and Canals et al (2021) reported positive results for CF provided during video chat, but since neither study included a delayed posttest, it was unclear whether true learning had taken place. Thus, it seems that existing studies have not provided conclusive results regarding the effectiveness of CF in video-based SCMC.…”

Optimal timing of treatment for errors in second language learning – A systematic review of corrective feedback timing

“…It has been argued that the explicitness of the feedback was especially helpful for learners to confirm or refute interlanguage hypotheses, given that several studies have shown an advantage for explicit feedback, especially in CALL (e.g., Rosa and Leow, 2004). Likewise, those studies that applied more explicit types of feedback in other modalities also tend to find no difference between the two feedback conditions (Varnosfadrani, 2006;Canals et al, 2021). For instance, Canals et al (2021) investigated the relative effectiveness of immediate and delayed CF in video-based CMC and argued the feedback type used in the study, i.e., explicit corrections, might have contributed to no statistical differences between the two feedback timing conditions.…”

“…Likewise, those studies that applied more explicit types of feedback in other modalities also tend to find no difference between the two feedback conditions (Varnosfadrani, 2006;Canals et al, 2021). For instance, Canals et al (2021) investigated the relative effectiveness of immediate and delayed CF in video-based CMC and argued the feedback type used in the study, i.e., explicit corrections, might have contributed to no statistical differences between the two feedback timing conditions. Because explicit corrections are relatively direct about the ungrammaticality of the learner's utterance, they might have promoted the mental comparison between the error and correct alternative more reliably.…”

“…The exact time of providing delayed feedback is another important issue to consider when investigating feedback timing. In the presented studies, delayed CF could refer to the CF that is provided after a treatment task (e.g., Varnosfadrani, 2006;Rahimi and Vahid Dastjerdi, 2012;Quinn, 2014), CF provided 24 h later (e.g., Canals et al, 2021), or CF provided several days later (e.g., Lavolette et al, 2015). Henshaw (2011) is the only study that has the length of delay as an independent variable, that is, CF immediately after all 40 responses or CF 24 h after all responses, but no statistically significant differences were found between different timing conditions.…”