The Relative Earnings of Visible Minorities in Canada

Swidinsky, Robert; Swidinsky, Michael

doi:10.7202/006904ar

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These findings are also consistent with previous studies that indicate that visible minority immigrants face greater barriers to labour market integration than do their white counterparts (see Baker and Benjamin, 1997;Hum and Simpson, 1999;Swidinsky and Swidinsky, 2002;Aydemir and Skuterud, 2005 among others).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Bloom, Grenier and Gunderson, 1995;Reitz, 2001;Frenette and Morissette, 2003;Aydemir and Skuterud, 2005), and that this disadvantage is greater for non-European or visible minority immigrants than for those of European origins (e.g. Baker and Benjamin, 1997;Pendakur and Pendakur, 1998;Hum and Simpson, 1999;Swidinsky and Swidinsky, 2002). Bloom, Grenier and Gunderson (1995) examined the 1971, 1981 and 1986 Censuses and found that while the negative entry effect for European immigrant men was about 1.5 percent, for non-European immigrant men, the entry effect was closer to 22 percent.…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Income Growth of New Immigrants in Canada

Banerjee¹

2009

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Summary The present study examines the income growth of newly arrived immigrants in Canada using growth curve modeling of longitudinal data. The results from this study indicate that recent immigrants, regardless of visible minority status, face initial earnings disadvantage. However, while immigrants of European origins experience a period of “catch up” early in their Canadian careers, which allows them to overcome this earnings disadvantage, visible minority immigrants do not enjoy such a catch-up. This racial difference in recent immigrants’ income growth is found to be caused by the fact that visible minority immigrants receive lower returns to education, work experience and unionization. Furthermore, visible minority recent immigrants face greater penalties for speaking a non-official first language than do their white counterparts.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income Growth of New Immigrants in Canada

Banerjee¹

2009

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“…This illustrates the sensitivity of estimates of labour market discrimination to the econometric technique employed and the efficacy of broadening the notion of discrimination to include occupational segregation. Since previous research has concluded that, of any visible minority, Black men are "most profoundly affected by labour market discrimination" (Swidinsky and Swidinsky, 2002), the Brown, Moon and Zoloth method appears to provide useful complementary evidence to that derived from the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method (e.g., Hou and Coulombe, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Earnings Gap between Black and White Workers in Canada: Evidence from the 2006 Census

Fearon

Wald

2011

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This paper investigates the earnings gap between Black and White workers in the Canadian economy using 2006 Canadian Census data. Several studies have examined visible minority earnings in Canada (e.g., Hou and Coulombe, 2010; Pendakur and Pendakur, 2011; Yap and Konrad, 2009). Recent research consistently finds that Black workers face one of the largest earnings gaps amongst ethnic groups in Canada (Pendakur and Pendakur, 2002, 2007; Hou and Coulombe, 2010). Nonetheless, the literature lacks an investigation of the combined impact of wage discrimination and occupational segregation on the earnings gap faced by Black workers in the Canadian labour market. Howland and Sakellariou (1993) as well as Hou and Coulombe (2010) highlighted the importance of occupational attainment differences in labour market outcomes. Consequently, this research suggests the need for occupational attainment to be incorporated into models investigating earnings gaps. We address the gap in the literature by utilizing the decomposition method developed by Brown, Moon and Zoloth (1980). This BMZ method extends the traditional earnings decomposition methods advanced by Blinder (1973) and Oaxaca (1973) by also identifying the role played by occupational differences. Specifically, the BMZ method estimates the portion of the earnings gap attributable to differences in productive endowments and to unexplained factors (i.e., the traditional decomposition approach) as well as extending the traditional approach by providing a calculation of the portion of the earnings gap explained by occupational attainment differences. The study finds that approximately one-fifth of the Black-White earnings gap (equaling $2,600) can be attributed to productivity-related endowment differences. Furthermore, the remaining four-fifths of the earnings gap (equaling $9,800) is attributable at the upper-bound level to occupational segregation and wage discrimination. In aggregate, the estimates of occupational segregation and wage discrimination translate into annual earnings losses of approximately $1.5 billion for full-time full-year Black workers in the Canadian workforce.

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“…D'autres vont plus loin et affi rment que les gains des immigrants diffèrent selon l'origine ethnique, le désavantage étant plus marqué selon l'appartenance aux différents groupes de minorités visibles (Preston, Lo et Wang, 2003 ;Renaud, Piché et Godin, 2003 ;Swidinsky et Swidinsky, 2002 ;Thompson, 2000 ;Basavarajappa et Jones, 1999 ;Hum et Simpson, 1999 ;Pendakur et Pendakur, 1998).…”

Section: Emploi Qualifié Et Immigrationunclassified

Emploi qualifié et sous-qualifié chez les travailleurs immigrants sélectionnés du Québec : cheminements en emploi et effet de la grille de sélection

Bégin

Renaud

2012

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Malgré l’intérêt croissant entourant l’utilisation des compétences des immigrants sur le marché du travail, le sujet demeure peu étudié. Cet article porte justement sur les parcours des travailleurs immigrants sélectionnés du Québec dans des emplois correspondant à leurs compétences. À l’aide de données longitudinales, les transitions d’emploi sont d’abord étudiées. Ensuite, une analyse des trajectoires permet de regrouper en grandes catégories les immigrants présentant un profil similaire. En dernier lieu, des régressions logistiques multinomiales permettent de voir l’effet des critères de sélection sur l’appartenance aux divers profils précédemment identifiés.Despite a growing interest in the utilization of immigrants’ skills in the job market, the subject remains little studied. This article examines the paths of selected immigrant workers in Quebec in jobs corresponding to their competencies. Using longitudinal data, job changes are first examined. A subsequent analysis of the paths then allows to group immigrants with similar profiles into main categories. In conclusion, multinomial logistic regressions allow to see the effect of the selection criteria on the belonging to various profiles previously identified

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The Relative Earnings of Visible Minorities in Canada

Cited by 44 publications

References 19 publications

Income Growth of New Immigrants in Canada

Income Growth of New Immigrants in Canada

The Earnings Gap between Black and White Workers in Canada: Evidence from the 2006 Census

Emploi qualifié et sous-qualifié chez les travailleurs immigrants sélectionnés du Québec : cheminements en emploi et effet de la grille de sélection

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