The relative distribution of fluoride in erupted and unerupted enamel of human third molars from a low fluoride area

Grobler, S.R.; Joubert, J.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(88)90114-8

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the baseline fluoride concentrations in this study were in the same range as values found in the literature. The literature reports that at 10 μm depth fluoride concentrations range from approximately 170 ppm in porcine enamel to 1000 ppm in human enamel for a low‐fluoride area . At 20 and 100 μm depth, reported values range between approximately 100–400 and 30–100 ppm, respectively .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectrophoresis: A model to transport drugs directly into teeth

Ivanoff

Hottel²,

Garcı́a-Godoy³

2012

Electrophoresis

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The article describes an innovative delivery system based on the principles of dielectrophoresis to transport drugs directly into site-specific intraoral targets. The hypothesis that a drug can be driven into tooth enamel during the application of an applied electrical potential difference was tested by the authors in in vitro studies comparing dielectrophoresis to diffusion to transport carbamide peroxide and fluoride. The studies showed that these agents can be transported directly into teeth using an alternating current (AC) electric field more effectively than diffusion. It was found that a 20-min bleaching treatment on human teeth with dielectrophoresis increased carbamide peroxide absorption by 104% and, on average, improved the change in shade guide unit 14 times from 0.6 SGU to 9 SGU. After applying a 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel to bovine incisors for 20 min by dielectrophoresis or diffusion, analysis with wavelength dispersive spectrometry determined that dielectrophoresis doubled fluoride uptake in the superficial layers compared to diffusion, and drove the fluoride significantly deeper into enamel with an uptake 600% higher than diffusion at 50 μm depth. Finally, dielectrophoresis promises to be a viable model that can potentially be used clinically to deliver other targeted drugs of variable molecular weight and structure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectrophoresis: A model to transport drugs directly into teeth

Ivanoff

Hottel²,

Garcı́a-Godoy³

2012

Electrophoresis

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show abstract

“…Nevertheless, it can be stated confidently that the baseline fluoride concentrations in this study were in the same range as values found in the literature. The literature reports that at 10 μm depth, fluoride concentrations range from approximately 170 ppm in porcine enamel to 1000 ppm in human enamel for a low fluoride area . At 20 and 100 μm depths, reported values range between approximately 100–400 and 30–100 ppm, respectively .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced penetration of fluoride particles into bovine enamel by combining dielectrophoresis with AC electroosmosis

2013

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Fluoride deposition into the pores of enamel is necessary at high concentrations to reduce enamel demineralization and with a high degree of penetration to account for loss by ingestion. Current diffusion and electrochemical methods are inadequate for effectively transporting fluoride greater than 20 μm into enamel. The study explores the coupling of dielectrophoresis (DEP) and AC electroosmosis (ACEO) to selectively concentrate fluoride particles from fluoride gel excipients and enhance their penetration into enamel. By measuring the frequency response of approximately 10-μm-sized sodium fluoride particles in an aqueous gel media, appropriate frequencies for positive DEP, negative DEP, and ACEO are identified. An assembly composed of two cross-planar interdigitated electrode (IDE) arrays with open slots is driven successively by fields at appropriate frequencies to drive fluoride particles through the slots of the IDE and into the enamel pores using a combination of DEP and ACEO methods. Fluoride uptake and penetration of 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel into bovine tooth enamel at various depths is measured using wavelength dispersive spectrometry to compare deposition by diffusion, DEP, and DEP plus ACEO. Fluoride levels in all DEP groups were significantly higher than diffusion groups at depths 10 and 20 μm. The highest fluoride concentrations at 10, 20, 50, and 100 μm depths occur under deposition conditions combining DEP with ACEO. Fluoride levels at 50 μm were equivalent to long-term prophylactic exposure. These methods may potentially benefit populations at high risk for development of caries and periodontal disease, including underserved children and disparate groups.

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“…Los estudios realizados en dientes no erupcionados muestran un patrón de distribución de fluoruro en el esmalte dental con una concentración mayor en la superficie externa y menor hacia el interior del esmalte (7)(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estandarización de la técnica de biopsia para determinación de fluoruro en esmalte dental

Marín¹,

Castellanos²,

Tenuta³

et al. 2015

Rev. Sal. Bosq

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Introducción.El fluoruro incorporado en el esmalte dental durante el período preeruptivo refleja su exposición sistémica durante la amelogénesis, proponiéndose el esmalte como marcador biológico de exposición a fluoruros. En Colombia, no existen estudios en que se emplee la técnica de biopsia de esmalte, la cual permite determinar el gradiente de concentración de fluoruro por medio de la estructura del esmalte dental.<br />Objetivo. Estandarizar la técnica de biopsia de esmalte y determinar la concentración de fluoruro en el esmalte de dientes sanos no erupcionados.<br />Métodos.Previa firma del consentimiento informado, se recolectaron cinco terceros molares no erupcionados sanos y de cada uno se obtuvieron dos bloques de esmalte a partir del tercio medio de la corona, en sentido transversal. Todas las superficies de cada bloque fueron cubiertas con cera, excepto la superficie externa del esmalte. Cada bloque fue tratado con HCl 0,5 M por 15, 30, 60 y 120 segundos bajo agitación constante. Se determinó la concentración de fluoruro en cada extracto, usando un electrodo de ion específico para el fluoruro y, la masa de esmalte removido (gramos) se calculó tras el análisis espectrofotométrico de fósforo inorgánico en la muestra. Se determinó la concentración de fluoruro en cada capa de esmalte removido (mg F/g de esmalte) y en todo el esmalte removido (μg F/cm3).<br />Resultados.Se encontró un gradiente de concentración de fluoruro desde la superficie hacia el interior del esmalte, siendo mayor la concentración en la superficie (1.663,49±266,61 μg F/g de esmalte). La concentración total de fluoruro en el volumen de esmalte removido fue de 1,02±0,25 μg F/cm3.<br />Conclusiones.La técnica de biopsia de esmalte fue estandarizada. Similar a lo reportado en la literatura científica, existe un gradiente de concentración de fluoruro desde la superficie hacia el interior del esmalte sano.

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The relative distribution of fluoride in erupted and unerupted enamel of human third molars from a low fluoride area

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Dielectrophoresis: A model to transport drugs directly into teeth

Dielectrophoresis: A model to transport drugs directly into teeth

Enhanced penetration of fluoride particles into bovine enamel by combining dielectrophoresis with AC electroosmosis

Estandarización de la técnica de biopsia para determinación de fluoruro en esmalte dental

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