“…The impact of the COVID-19 crisis on different populations within Israel was found to vary markedly according to the affiliation to unique subpopulations, such as religious Ultra-Orthodox Jewish populations or Arab minority groups ( Shadmi et al, 2020 ). Previous studies in Israel have shown significant associations between population demographics as well as personal attributes and distress symptoms: economic difficulties, due to the pandemic crisis, positively correlated with distress symptoms, while levels of income and age negatively correlated with distress (Kimhi, Marciano, Eshel, & Adini, 2020, 2020a ; Sharabi and Kay, 2021 ). Gender differences were also found regarding distress symptoms, with women displaying a higher level of distress, compared with men ( Kimhi et al, 2020a , Kimhi et al, 2020b , Kimhi et al, 2020c , Kimhi et al, 2020d ).…”