The Relative Biological Effectiveness of X-rays and Gamma Rays

Failla, G.; Henshaw, Paul S.

doi:10.1148/17.1.1

Cited by 45 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The RBE is defined as the ratio of iso-effective doses for gamma rays vs. heavy ions (3,6). In the context of radiation carcinogenesis, RBE is the ratio of doses of two different radiations, which result in equivalent excess tumor yields, as schematized in Fig.…”

Section: Metrics For Comparing the Effects Of Different Radiation Typmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harderian Gland Tumorigenesis: Low-Dose and LET Response

et al. 2016

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Section: Metrics For Comparing the Effects Of Different Radiation Typmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1A. RBE is easily interpretable, it has a long history of use (3,6), and it is convenient to use for simple dose responses such as linear or linear quadratic. When radiation effects saturate at high doses or decrease due to cell killing, RBE is sometimes impossible to calculate (Fig.…”

Section: Metrics For Comparing the Effects Of Different Radiation Typmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harderian Gland Tumorigenesis: Low-Dose and LET Response

et al. 2016

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“…We find an ionization increase of only about 2 percent by increasing our plate spacing from effectively 3 to 3.5 m (30 to 35 cm at 10 atm) , beyond which the [14] have shown the deficiency of the free-air chamber used for gamma-ray measurements by Failla and Henshaw [15]. The plate spacing of 1 mat atmospheric pressure used in their earlier work was insufficient.…”

Section: Effect Of Plate Separationmentioning

confidence: 55%

Measurement, in roentgens, of the gamma radiation from radium by the free-air ionization chamber

Taylor¹,

Singer²

1940

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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The free-air ionization chamber is the accepted standard for calibrating X-ray dosage measuring instruments. With the advent of supervoltage X-r ays, the need for proved standards for this range has arisen.The present paper describes an investigation of the applicability of the free-air pressure ionization chamber for measuring radiation at the high-frequency end of the X-ray spectrum, that of the gamma radiation from radium.Measurements were made with a narrow collimated beam of gamma rays at pressures up to 10 atm. Because of inability to obtain full current-voltage saturation, application was. made of the extrapolation of reciprocal current-voltage curves in accordance with the Jaffe-Zanstra theory. This was first tested carefully with 350-kv X-rays at 1-, 6-, and lO-atm pressure and found to hold within our experimental limits. It was found that at 10-atm pressure a plate separation of about 35 cm is necessary to utilize the full electron range. Ranges in the forward direction were not effectively greater than 70 cm. Measurements of the gamma-ray emission from radium gave a value of 8.16 roentgens per milligram per hour at a distance of 1 cm, which is in line with several similar detcrminations by other methods. CONTENTS Page

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“…Whilst the low number of replicates (n = 6) recognised by the author in the study of Gilbin et al, (2008) may prevent comparison across studies, this underpins the importance of accounting for differing radiation sources and the corresponding variability in relative biological effectiveness (RBE). The term RBE was coined in 1931 (Failla & Henshaw, 1931) to account for the variability in biological effect observed with dose, dose rate and type of radiation (Valentin, 2003). RBE increases as a function of LET with high linear energy transfer (LET) sources of radiation, e.g.…”

Section: Radiation-induced Impacts On Growth and Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biological effects of ionising radiation on Crustaceans: A review

et al. 2015

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Historic approaches to radiation protection are founded on the conjecture that measures to safeguard humans are adequate to protect non-human organisms. This view is disparate with other toxicants wherein well-developed frameworks exist to minimise exposure of biota. Significant data gaps for many organisms, coupled with high profile nuclear incidents such as Chernobyl and Fukushima, have prompted the re-evaluation of our approach toward environmental radioprotection. Elucidating the impacts of radiation on biota has been identified as priority area for future research within both scientific and regulatory communities. The crustaceans are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems, comprising greater than 66,000 species of ecological and commercial importance. This paper aims to assess the available literature of radiation-induced effects within this subphylum and identify knowledge gaps. A literature search was conducted pertaining to radiation effects on four endpoints as stipulated by a number of regulatory bodies: mortality, morbidity, reproduction and mutation. A major finding of this review was the paucity of data regarding the effects of environmentally relevant radiation doses on crustacean biology. Extremely few studies utilising chronic exposure durations or wild populations were found across all four endpoints. The dose levels at which effects occur was found to vary by orders of magnitude thus presenting difficulties in developing phyla-specific benchmark values and reference levels for radioprotection. Based on the limited data, mutation was found to be the most sensitive endpoint of radiation exposure, with mortality the least sensitive. Current phyla-specific dose levels and limits proposed by major regulatory bodies were found to be inadequate to protect species across a range of endpoints including morbidity, mutation and reproduction and examples are discussed within. These findings serve to prioritise areas for future research that will significantly advance understanding of radiation-induced effects in aquatic invertebrates and consequently enhance ability to predict the impacts of radioactive releases on the environment.

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The Relative Biological Effectiveness of X-rays and Gamma Rays

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Harderian Gland Tumorigenesis: Low-Dose and LET Response

Harderian Gland Tumorigenesis: Low-Dose and LET Response

Measurement, in roentgens, of the gamma radiation from radium by the free-air ionization chamber

The biological effects of ionising radiation on Crustaceans: A review

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