The Relative Age Effect in Male and Female Brazilian Elite Volleyball Athletes of Varied Competitive Levels

Castro, Henrique de Oliveira; Costa, Gustavo De Conti Teixeira; Gomes, Sérgio Adriano; Júnior, Rubens Venditti; Tertuliano, Ivan Wallan; Oliveira, Vivian de; Aguiar, Samuel da Silva; Laporta, Lorenzo; Figueiredo, Lucas Savassi

doi:10.1177/00315125221134316

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Specifically, in volleyball, RAE has been consistently reported among both male and female athletes (Safranyos et al, 2020), similar to the findings of the present study. Castro et al (2023), reported RAE among Brazilian elite volleyball players, and Castro et al (2022) found RAE based on gender and playing position, with an overrepresentation of middle blockers, opposites, and outside hitters who were born in Q1 and Q2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variables we analyzed included the quarters of the year in which athletes were born (Castro et al, 2022(Castro et al, , 2023 following these guidelines: quartile 1 = Q1 (January to March 31), quartile 2 = Q2 (April to June 30), quartile 3 = Q3 (July to September 30) and quartile 4 = Q4 (October to December 31). Additionally, players were categorized according to their playing positions (setter, middle, libero, opposite, and outside hitter), age group for competition (U17, U18, U19, and U21), and spike and block jump heights.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is There a Relationship Between Birth Quartile and Vertical Jump Performance Among Young Male Elite Volleyball Athletes?

Castro,

Lima,

Figueiredo

et al. 2024

Percept Mot Skills

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Vertical jump is an important skill that influences volleyball performance. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between vertical jump performance and birth quartile of Brazilian male youth volleyball players. We calculated chi-square goodness-of-fit tests to compare the athletes’ birthdate distributions in quarters of their birth years (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) according to player age categories (U17, U18, U19, and U21). We calculated one-way ANOVAs to compare spike jump and block jump heights of players born in different quarters of the same year. Overall, we found a relative age effect (i.e., more players with birth dates early in the birth year) in U17 ( p < .001), U18 ( p < .001), U19 ( p < .001), and U21 ( p = .04). Regarding vertical jump performance, U18 athletes born in Q2 reached higher spike jump heights ( p = .006) and block jump heights ( p = .002) than athletes born in Q4, and U19 athletes born in Q1 reached higher block jump heights than athletes born in Q3 ( p = .049). There were no significant differences in vertical jump performance across birth quartiles among U17 and U21 athletes. Thus, a relative age effect was present in all age categories but not always reflected in vertical jump performance. Volleyball coaches and policymakers are still advised to employ strategies to ensure fairer opportunities for players born later in the year of their eligibility dates, as we found RAE to be sometimes, but not always, related to higher spike or block jump heights even among these older adolescents and young adult athletes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Relationship Between Birth Quartile and Vertical Jump Performance Among Young Male Elite Volleyball Athletes?

Castro,

Lima,

Figueiredo

et al. 2024

Percept Mot Skills

Self Cite

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The relative age effect among Chinese junior men’s tennis players and its impact on sports performance

Aku,

Yang

2023

PLoS ONE

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The relative age effect (RAE) has been the subject of many studies, but no relevant literature has discussed the phenomenon of RAE in Chinese tennis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that RAE significantly contributes to brain drain and other occurrences that create inequity. This paper analyzes the birth dates and year-end rankings of all male players (N = 2697) who participated in China’s junior tennis tournaments (U12, U14, U16) between 2014 and 2019 and who were selected for China’s National Junior Team in 2019 and 2020; the paper classifies the birth dates into quarters and semesters. One of the research objectives of this study is to analyze whether RAE exists in Chinese junior men’s tennis and whether RAE exerts an effect on athletes’ performance. Differences between the observed and expected birthdate distributions were tested using chi-square statistics, and subsequent calculations were tested using odds ratios. The study found that RAE was present in all Chinese junior male tennis sports groups (p<0.001). The percentages of athletes born in the first half of the year were 56.4% (U12), 60.4% (U14), and 60.4% (U16), and the percentages of those born in the first quarter were 34.1% (U12), 36.4% (U14), and 37.1% (U16). Athletes with birth dates closer to the beginning of the year had a higher probability of achieving excellent athletic performance as a result of RAE, whereas those who were born near the end of the year had a more difficult time achieving strong athletic performance.

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The relative age effect and its influence on athletic performance in Chinese junior female’ tennis players

Aku,

Yang

2024

PLoS ONE

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The relative age effect (RAE) has been the focus of numerous studies; however, there are still fewer studies in women’s sports than in men’s sports. In this study, all female players (N = 2,255) who participated in Chinese junior tennis competitions (U12, U14, U16, and the National Junior Team) from 2014 to 2019 were investigated in terms of competitors’ birth dates and year-end rankings. For the purposes of the analysis, the birth dates were also separated into quarters and half years. The study’s objectives were to analyze the prevalence of the RAE among young Chinese female tennis players and to further examine how the RAE affects athletic performance. Differences between the observed and expected distributions of birth dates were tested using the chi-square statistic, and subsequent calculations were tested using odds ratios. The RAE was discovered to be present in every group of Chinese junior female tennis players (p < 0.001), with the proportions of those born in the first half of the year being 56.4% (U12), 53.1% (U14), and 57.0% (U16), respectively. The RAE for athletes selected for the National Women’s Junior Tennis Team was even more significant, with the percentage of birth dates in the first half of the year at 61.2%. Finally, we observed a tendency for the effect of the RAE on the athletic performance of adolescent female tennis players to diminish with age.

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The Relative Age Effect in Male and Female Brazilian Elite Volleyball Athletes of Varied Competitive Levels

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Is There a Relationship Between Birth Quartile and Vertical Jump Performance Among Young Male Elite Volleyball Athletes?

Is There a Relationship Between Birth Quartile and Vertical Jump Performance Among Young Male Elite Volleyball Athletes?

The relative age effect among Chinese junior men’s tennis players and its impact on sports performance

The relative age effect and its influence on athletic performance in Chinese junior female’ tennis players

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