The Relationships of Testosterone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and Sex Hormone-binding Globulin to Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Men

Shono, Naoko; Kumagai, Shuzo; Higaki, Yasuki; Nishizumi, Masahiro; Sasaki, Haruka

doi:10.5551/jat1994.3.45

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Conversely, in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a positive association between pre-diabetes and estradiol was reported (Colangelo et al, 2009) while two other studies reported an inverse relation between estradiol and fasting glucose (Shono et al, 1996;Dhindsa et al, 2011). When free estradiol was taken into account, we did observe a positive but non-significant association after additional adjustments for adiposity and other hormones.…”

Section: Estrogenscontrasting

confidence: 73%

Pre‐diabetes and serum sex steroid hormones among US men

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYSeveral studies demonstrate a link between diabetes and sex steroid hormones, but the link with pre-diabetes remains elusive. In this study, we hypothesize that pre-diabetes, which is characterised by having impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired HbA1C, may influence circulating sex steroid hormone concentrations in men. Thus, we investigated whether serum sex steroid hormone concentrations differ between men with and without pre-diabetes. We analyzed data for 1139 men who were aged 20+ years when they participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We calculated adjusted geometric mean serum concentrations of total and estimated free testosterone, androstanediol glucuronide, total and estimated free estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in men with and without pre-diabetes. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) of lower concentrations of androgens and SHBG, and higher concentrations of estradiol by prediabetes status. Adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, total testosterone concentration was lower among men with (geometric mean: 4.68 ng/mL) than without (5.36 ng/mL, p = 0.01) pre-diabetes. SHBG concentration was also lower in men with (31.67 nmol/L) than without (36.16 nmol/L; p = 0.01) pre-diabetes. Concentrations of the other hormones did not differ between men with and without pre-diabetes. After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, pre-diabetic men had a higher odds of lower testosterone (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.54-4.29), higher free estradiol level (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.14-2.22), and lower SHBG level (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.32-3.92) compared to men without pre-diabetes. These associations were attenuated after adjusting for adiposity (testosterone OR: 1.76; 95% CI 0.95-3.27, free estradiol OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.88-1.88, SHBG OR: 1.71; 95% CI 0.88-3.30). Our findings suggest that men with prediabetes have lower circulating total testosterone and SHBG and higher free estradiol levels.

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Section: Estrogenscontrasting

confidence: 73%

Pre‐diabetes and serum sex steroid hormones among US men

et al. 2016

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“…The fact that the lipid pro®le is placed below the hormonal factor seems to indicate that obesity per se and abdominal fat distribution may induce hormonal changes and that these two factors combine to favor metabolic variations in plasma lipids. These results suggest, as do those of other authors, that fat distribution 40 and hormonal serum pro®le 41 may condition alterations in lipid metabolism in an obese population.…”

Section: Factor Analysissupporting

confidence: 71%

Endocrine, metabolic and nutritional factors in obesity and their relative significance as studied by factor analysis

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate different aspects of obesity, such as body fat distribution, plasma hormone and lipid pro®les, adipose tissue composition and dietary intake in an obese population in order to identify the most important factors that contribute to obesity. DESIGN: Eighty-®ve obese subjects, 30 men and 55 women (age, 30 ± 70 y; body mass index (BMI), 27 ± 35 kgam 2 ), were studied using anthropometric measurements, computed tomography, adipose tissue composition, serum hormone and lipid pro®les and nutritional evaluations. To determine to what extent individual factors contributed to the general process of obesity, the data were subjected to a factor analysis. RESULTS: Three patterns of anthropometric and computed tomography data emerged that accounted for 69% of the variance. Factor 1 de®ned abdominal obesity and explained 30% of the total variance, factor 2 (gynoid obesity) accounted for 26%; and factor 3 (subcutaneous fat) explained 13% of the total variance. When other factors associated with obesity, such as lipid pro®le, hormonal pro®le and fat composition, were introduced, obesity itself, especially abdominal obesity, remained the principal factor, accounting for 23% of total variability. All factors were of secondary importance when dietary characteristics were introduced. In the overall factor analysis, more than 40% of the variability in obesity was related to dietary habits, particularly fat intake, followed by energy and saturated fatty acids intake. CONCLUSION: Even though obesity is a multifactorial phenomenon, the results suggest that dietary intake, especially fat intake, is the most important factor contributing to obesity. Secondary factors include endocrine and metabolic factors.

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“…Nevertheless, several large cross-sectional studies have also shown inverse relationships of free T with BMI, the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or plasma insulin levels, in representative population samples of men where the vast majority had a BMI below 30. 166,167,170,212,228 ± 233 To some degree, the results from these studies may have been confounded by age, 230,232 which generally correlates negatively with free T but positively with BMI. Nevertheless, the inverse associations of free T with BMI, WHR or insulin remained statistically signi®cant in all studies where an adjustment for age was made 166,167,212,228,229,233 or where all subjects studied were within a very narrow age range.…”

Section: Physiological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plasma androgens, IGF-1, body size, and prostate cancer risk: a synthetic review

Kaaks

Lukanova

Sommersberg

2000

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

103

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We present a review of the epidemiological evidence for relations of prostate cancer risk to circulating total and bioavailable androgens, to alterations in the metabolism of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and to anthropometric indices of longitudinal growth (body stature) and overweight. In addition, we review the physiological inter-relationships between insulin, growth hormone/IGF-1 axis, and sex steroid metabolism, as well as the associations of bioavailable sex steroid levels with overweight and obesity. A ®rst conclusion of this review is that, taken together, epidemiological studies have provided little support for the hypothesis that prostate cancer risk is increased in men with elevated total or biovailable testosterone (T). Although one prospective study showed an increased risk in men with low plasma sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and with elevated plasma T for given levels of SHBG, this was not con®rmed by results from other cohort studies. A second conclusion is that overweight, which is generally associated with moderate reductions in both total and bioavailable plasma T, appears to be unrelated to any signi®cant increase or decrease in prostate cancer risk. However, signi®cant increases in risk have been observed for men with a taller body stature, or with elevated plasma IGF-1. IGF-1 may directly enhance prostate tumorigenesis by inhibiting apoptosis and by stimulating cell proliferation. In addition, IGF-1 downregulates the synthesis of SHBG, and enhances sex steroid synthesis. Therefore, we do not entirely rule out that due to an elevation of plasma IGF-1 levels, men at increased risk of prostate cancer also have mildly elevated plasma bioavailable T, which epidemiological studies may have failed to demonstrate because of methodological problems. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2000) 3, 157±172.

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The Relationships of Testosterone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and Sex Hormone-binding Globulin to Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Men

Cited by 30 publications

References 55 publications

Pre‐diabetes and serum sex steroid hormones among US men

Pre‐diabetes and serum sex steroid hormones among US men

Endocrine, metabolic and nutritional factors in obesity and their relative significance as studied by factor analysis

Plasma androgens, IGF-1, body size, and prostate cancer risk: a synthetic review

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