The relationships between use of alcohol, tobacco and coffee in adolescence and mood disorders in adulthood

Abstract

Introduction Alcohol, tobacco and coffee are commonly used substances and use in adolescence has previously been linked to mood disorders. However, few large prospective studies have investigated adolescent use in relation to mental health outcomes in adulthood. The main aim of this study was to examine the prospective associations between alcohol use, cigarette smoking and coffee consumption at age 16 and subsequent mood disorders up to 33 years of age. Methods Data from The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study were used and a total of 7660 participants (49.9% male) were included. Associations between alcohol use, cigarette smoking and coffee consumption at age 16 and later diagnoses of major depression and bipolar disorder were examined using multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results Mean number of cigarettes/day (OR, 1.23 [95% CI 1.01–1.50]) and mean volume of alcohol consumption (OR, 1.22 [95% CI 1.01–1.47]), but not frequency of excessive drinking, in adolescence were associated with increased risk for subsequent bipolar disorder after adjustment for sex, parental psychiatric disorders, family structure, illicit substance use, and emotional and behavioral problems at age 16. An association between cigarette smoking and major depression attenuated to statistically non‐significant when adjusted for emotional and behavioral problems. No associations were observed between adolescent coffee consumption and subsequent mood disorders. Conclusions This is the first study to report an association of adolescent cigarette smoking and subsequent bipolar disorder diagnosis providing grounds for further research and pointing to a place for preventive measures among adolescents.

The detrimental effects of smoking on the course and outcome in adults with bipolar disorder—A narrative review

“…The relationship between BD and smoking might be bidirectional. A recent Finnish register study revealed that the mean count of cigarettes/day at age 16 were associated with a higher risk of subsequent manifestation of BD after adjustment for potential confounders (OR, 1.23 [95% CI 1.01–1.50]) ( 52 ). During times of ongoing neuronal maturation, adolescents may be especially sensitive to harmful effects of substance use.…”

Associations of cannabis use, tobacco use and incident anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…We identified 75 studies for inclusion, 13, of which 59 were included in the primary meta-analyses. 13,47,49,50,52,53,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][71][72][73][75][76][77][78][80][81][82]84,85,[87][88][89]91,92,[94][95][96]100,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111]…”

“…Pooled unadjusted results yielded a larger point estimate (K=41; RR:1.47, 95%CI:1.34-1.60; I 2= 68.6%; τ 2= 0.06; PI: 0.92-2.33; eSupplement). 47,48,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56]58,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74]77,80,81,83,85,86,88,90,92,93,97,98,102,103,[105][106][107][108]110,114,115,118,119 . CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.…”

“…Tobacco use was associated with incident mood disorders (K= 43; RR:1.39, 95%CI:1.30-1.47; I 2= 61.2%; τ 2= 0.014; PI: 1.08-1.77; Figure 1) 13,47,49,50,52,53,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]68,[71][72][73][75][76][77][78]80,81,85,87,88,91,92,100,102,103,[105][106][107][108][109][110]114,115,118 . Exclusion of outliers, 49,68,73 produced similar results (K=40; RR:1.38, 95%CI:1.31-1.45, I 2= 28.5%).…”

“…Pooled unadjusted results yielded a larger point estimate (K=41; RR:1.47, 95%CI:1.34-1.60; I 2= 68.6%; τ 2= 0.06; PI: 0.92-2.33; eSupplement). 47,48,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56]58,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74]77,80,81,83,85,86,88,90,92,93,97,98,102,103,[105][106][107][108]110,114,115,118,119…”