The relationships between serum C-reactive protein level and risk and progression of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis

Stone, Patrick A.; Kazil, Jenna

doi:10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2015.04.002

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In support of our findings, BMI has previously been coupled to echolucent and low-calcified plaques by carotid ultrasound in diabetes patients [27]. While association between CRP and vascular calcification in CKD [28] has been shown, and CRP seems related to progression of carotid stenosis [29], a positive association to carotid calcification has not been shown before. Possibly, the moderate association found in our study reflects residual long-term systemic inflammation or increased vascular senescence in end-stage atherosclerosis, similarly as previously shown in CKD [9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Correlation of computed tomography with carotid plaque transcriptomes associates calcification with lesion-stabilization

et al. 2019

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A B S T R A C TBackground and aims: Unstable carotid atherosclerosis causes stroke, but methods to identify patients and lesions at risk are lacking. We recently found enrichment of genes associated with calcification in carotid plaques from asymptomatic patients. Here, we hypothesized that calcification represents a stabilising feature of plaques and investigated how macro-calcification, as estimated by computed tomography (CT), correlates with gene expression profiles in lesions. Methods: Plaque calcification was measured in pre-operative CT angiographies. Plaques were sorted into high-and lowcalcified, profiled with microarrays, followed by bioinformatic analyses. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR were performed to evaluate the findings in plaques and arteries with medial calcification from chronic kidney disease patients. Results: Smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers were upregulated in high-calcified plaques and calcified plaques from symptomatic patients, whereas macrophage markers were downregulated. The most enriched processes in high-calcified plaques were related to SMCs and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, while inflammation, lipid transport and chemokine signaling were repressed. These findings were confirmed in arteries with high medial calcification. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) was identified as the most upregulated gene in association with plaque calcification and found in the ECM, SMA+ and CD68+/TRAP + cells. Conclusions: Macro-calcification in carotid lesions correlated with a transcriptional profile typical for stable plaques, with altered SMC phenotype and ECM composition and repressed inflammation. PRG4, previously not described in atherosclerosis, was enriched in the calcified ECM and localized to activated macrophages and smooth muscle-like cells. This study strengthens the notion that assessment of calcification may aid evaluation of plaque phenotype and stroke risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Correlation of computed tomography with carotid plaque transcriptomes associates calcification with lesion-stabilization

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, the associations between diet scores and CHD incidence were attenuated after inclusion of CRP in the multivariable model. This suggests a plausible mechanism by which chronic inflammation (elevated CRP) may in part mediate the relationship between diet and CHD [ 48 ]. However, further studies are required before drawing conclusions on causation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to a healthy diet in relation to cardiovascular incidence and risk markers: evidence from the Caerphilly Prospective Study

et al. 2017

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PurposeEpidemiological findings indicate that higher adherence to a healthy diet may lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The present study aimed to investigate whether adherence to a healthy diet, assessed by the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), was associated with CVD incidence and risk markers.MethodsIncluded in the present analyses were data from 1867 middle-aged men, aged 56.7 ± 4.5 years at baseline, recruited into the Caerphilly Prospective Study. Adherence to a healthy diet was examined in relation to CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke incidence (Cox regression), and risk markers (linear regression) with adjustment for relevant confounders.ResultsThe DASH score was inversely associated with CVD [hazard ratio (HR) 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66, 0.99], and stroke (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.42, 0.88) incidence, but not with CHD after an average of 16.6 year follow-up, and with diastolic blood pressure, after 12 year follow-up. The AHEI-2010 was inversely associated with stroke (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.42, 0.88) incidence, aortic pulse wave velocity, and C-reactive protein. The HDI was not associated with any single outcome.ConclusionsHigher DASH and AHEI-2010 scores were associated with lower CVD and stroke risk, and favourable cardiovascular health outcomes, suggesting that encouraging middle-aged men to comply with the dietary recommendations for a healthy diet may have important implications for future vascular disease and population health.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1408-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Instead, the reasoning often seems to be as follows: “Any condition that causes release of interleukin (IL) 6 and other cytokines triggers the synthesis of CRP and fibrinogen by the liver. Thus, CRP level can be used a measure of ongoing inflammation and cell necrosis, and levels are particularly elevated in states …, such as sepsis…” [122] (p. 139). Moreover, and as discussed above, alternative explanations may exist for increased circulating CRP or IL-6 concentrations.…”

Section: Thinking Fast Regarding Inflammation and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation and Depression: A Nervous Plea for Psychiatry to Not Become Immune to Interpretation

Konsman

2019

Pharmaceuticals

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The possibility that inflammation plays a causal role in major depression is an important claim in the emerging field of immunopsychiatry and has generated hope for new treatments. The aims of the present review are first to provide some historical background and to consider the evidence in favor of the claim that inflammation is causally involved in major depression. The second part discusses some of the possibilities allowed for by the use of broad ‘umbrella’ concepts, such as inflammation and stress, in terms of proposing new working hypotheses and potential mechanisms. The third part reviews proposed biomarkers of inflammation and depression and the final part addresses how elements discussed in the preceding sections are used in immunopsychiatry. The ‘umbrella’ concepts of inflammation and stress, as well as insufficiently-met criteria based inferences and reverse inferences are being used to some extent in immunopsychiatry. The field is therefore encouraged to specify concepts and constructs, as well as to consider potential alternative interpretations and explanations for findings obtained. The hope is that pointing out some of the potential problems will allow for a clearer picture of immunopsychiatry’s current strengths and limitations and help the field mature.

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The relationships between serum C-reactive protein level and risk and progression of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Correlation of computed tomography with carotid plaque transcriptomes associates calcification with lesion-stabilization

Correlation of computed tomography with carotid plaque transcriptomes associates calcification with lesion-stabilization

Adherence to a healthy diet in relation to cardiovascular incidence and risk markers: evidence from the Caerphilly Prospective Study

Inflammation and Depression: A Nervous Plea for Psychiatry to Not Become Immune to Interpretation

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