The relationships between barriers to leisure enjoyment and family stages

Is constrained leisure an internally homogeneous concept?

“…Note that our purpose was not to focus on the ways in which perceptions of constraints might vary through the life cycle (although this, of course, could be interesting and useful in and of itself; see, for example, Witt and Goodale 1981). Thus, rather than present the data in tabular form, in which the results for the two sets of items would be shown separately according to age, our purpose is best served by a series of 12 comparative graphs (Figure 4).…”

“…For example, Searle and Jackson (1985;Jackson and Searle 1983) investigated the desire, but inability, to participate in new activities among nonparticipants, whereas McGuire, Dottavio, and O'Leary (1986) focused on the inability, among current participants, to increase participation to desired levels. Other investigators have selected alternative measures, including ceasing participation in former activities (e.g., Boothby, Tungatt, and Townsend 1981;Jackson and Dunn 1988;McGuire, Dottavio, and O'Leary 1986;McGuire, O'Leary, Yeh, and Dottavio 1989), the nonuse of public leisure services (e.g., Godbey, 1985;Howard and Crompton, 1984), and failure to achieve anticipated levels of enjoyment in current activities (e.g., Francken and van Raiij 1981;Witt and Goodale 1981).…”

The activity involvement of women and men in young and middle adulthood: A panel study

“…Freysinger and R. O. Ray parental, and employment status) on activity involvement has been found to vary by gender. Such factors have usually been found to have a greater negative effect on the free-time activity of women (Bernard, 1984;Deem, 1982;Henderson, Bialeschki, Shaw, & Freysinger, 1989;Kelly, 1983;McGuire, 1982;Rubin, 1976;Shaw, 1982Shaw, , 1985aWitt & Goodale, 1981). However, the relationship between age and sex differences has not been fully explored.…”

Special issue introduction: Leisure constraints/constrained leisure

“…For example, aspects of leisure that researchers have identified as being associated with constraints include the desire, but inability, to participate in new activities (e.g., Jackson, 1990b;Jackson & Dunn, 1991;Jackson & Searle, 1983;Searle & Jackson, 1985); the inability to maintain participation or to increase it to desired levels (e.g., McGuire, Dottavio, & O'Leary, 1986;Shaw, Bonen, & McCabe, 1991); ceasing participation in former activities (e.g., Backman & Crompton, 1989Boothby, Tungatt, & Townsend, 1981;Dunn, 1990;Jackson & Dunn, 1988McGuire et al, 1986;McGuire, O'Leary, Yeh, & Dottavio, 1989); the nonuse of public leisure services (e.g., Godbey, 1985;Howard & Crompton, 1984); and insufficient enjoyment of current activities (e.g., Francken & van Raiij, 1981;Witt & Goodale, 1981). Specific activities now receiving attention include pool players (Chick & Roberts, 1989;Chick, Roberts, & Romney, 1991), golfers and tennis players (Backman, 1991;Backman & Crompton, 1989, trail users and nonusers (Bialeschki & Henderson, 1988), campers (Dunn, 1990), and bridge players (Scott, 1991).…”