The relationship of the use of tobacco and alcohol to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx or larynx

The role of tobacco and alcohol in the aetiology of lung and larynx cancer

“…Many other workers have described similar findings (Wynder et al, 1956(Wynder et al, , 1976Vincent & Marchetta, 1963;Rothman & Keller, 1972;Feldman & Hazan, 1975;McMichael, 1978;Ward Hinds et al, 1979). Another neoplasm which has been consistently related to heavy smoking is lung cancer; a comparative study of lung and larynx cancer in relation to tobacco and alcohol consumption is thus of interest.…”

A case-control study of head and neck cancer in the Republic of Ireland

“…Many studies (Wynder et al, 1956;Feldman & Hazan, 1975;Jayant et al, 1977;Simarak et al, 1977;McMichael, 1978;Ward Hinds et al, 1979) Wynder et al (1976) showed that at each measure of cigarette consumption heavy alcohol consumption increased the risk of laryngeal cancer, but no such increased risk was seen in non-smoking heavy drinkers. The findings of Feldman & Hazan (1975) were similar, but a significant synergistic effect between tobacco and alcohol was not demonstrated.…”

“…MANY STUDIES (Wynder et al, 1956;1976;Vincent & Marchetta, 1963;Rothman & Keller, 1972;Feldman & -Hazan, 1975;McMichael, 1978;Ward Hinds et al, 1979) have demonstrated a positive association between the consumption of tobacco and alcohol and the development of head and neck tumours. The 1979 Surgeon General's Report included references to studies in many parts of the world which show that the use of tobacco in all its forms is a risk factor in oral and laryngeal cancers.…”

Alcohol-Related Diseases of the Esophagus and Stomach

“…More evidence for an association was adduced by case-control studies and cohort studies in which the contribution of alcohol was separated from smoking, a frequently associated risk factor [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . The global burden of esophageal cancer further supports this association [29,30] .…”