The Relationship of Slow Axonal Flow to Nerve Elongation and Degeneration

Cancalon, Paul

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1197-3_13

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 93 publications

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“…In addition, their feeding behavior indicated that vision returned more quickly in the zebrafish than in the goldfish and was restored during the 20-day experimental period. As the rate of axonal regrowth appears to be limited by the rate of slow transport (McQuarrie and Grafstein, 1982;Wujek and Lasek, 1983;Cancalon, 1984), the rapidity of this response in zebrafish can be attributed to its shorter optic nerve. Moreover, it is worth speculating that the rate of regeneration in zebrafish is faster because they live in warmer waters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of Zebrafish Neurofilament cDNAs for Plasticin and Gefiltin: Increased mRNA Expression in Ganglion Cells After Optic Nerve Injury

Asch¹,

Leake²,

Canger³

et al. 1998

Journal of Neurochemistry

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During retinal growth and optic axon regeneration, the differential expression of the neuronal intermediate filament proteins, plasticin and gefiltin, in the goldfish visual pathway suggests that these proteins support programmed axonal growth. To investigate plasticin and gefiltin during axonogenesis, we turned to the zebrafish, a system that is more amenable to mutational analysis. As a first step, we demonstrated that the intermediate filament compositions of goldfish and zebrafish are similar. In addition, the cDNAs for zebrafish plasticin and gefiltin were cloned and characterized. Using in situ hybridization in retina, we show increased mRNA levels for these proteins following optic nerve crush. Zebrafish plasticin and gefiltin peak and return to baseline levels of expression more rapidly than in goldfish. Furthermore, in the unoperated eye of experimental fish, there was a moderate increase in the levels of plasticin and gefiltin mRNA, suggesting that soluble factors influence the expression of these proteins. The successive expression of plasticin and gefiltin suggests that these neuronal intermediate filament proteins are integral components of axonogenesis. The cloning and characterization of cDNAs for plasticin and gefiltin permit mutational analyses of these proteins during zebrafish axonogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of Zebrafish Neurofilament cDNAs for Plasticin and Gefiltin: Increased mRNA Expression in Ganglion Cells After Optic Nerve Injury

Asch¹,

Leake²,

Canger³

et al. 1998

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Morphological and physiological survival of goldfish Mauthner axons isolated from their somata by spinal cord crush

Zottoli

Marek

Agostini

et al. 1987

J of Comparative Neurology

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Axon segments isolated from their somata degenerate within days or months depending on species and neuronal type. To better understand the time course of morphological and physiological changes associated with degeneration of axon segments of vertebrate central neurons, we have studied the goldfish Mauthner axon (M-axon) when it has been separated from its soma by spinal cord crush. M-axon segments survive morphologically for at least 77 days at 14 degrees C. Cross-sectional areas of isolated M-axon segments (measured 25-30 mm caudal to the wound site at postoperative days 64 and 77) were greater than those of control axons at the same level. Sheath areas did not change. Electron microscopic observations at the same spinal cord location indicated no clear changes in the configuration or number of neurofilaments or any other organelle. M-axon segments studied morphologically after 87 postoperative days had all degenerated. Mauthner axon segments were capable of conducting action potentials and eliciting ipsilateral EMG responses. Repetitive firing of the M-axon segments elicited EMG responses that fatigued more easily and remained fatigued over a longer interval than did those of control axons. The long duration of M-axon segment survival is unusual in a vertebrate and may be due to the low temperature at which the experiments were conducted (14 degrees C) and/or temperature-independent factors. The increased susceptibility to synaptic depression, which has not reported previously, may represent an early sign of the degenerative process.

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Determinants of anisotropic water diffusion in nerves

Beaulieu

Allen

1994

Magnetic Resonance in Med

567

411

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We report NMR diffusion measurements of water in three central nervous system models, namely the nonmyelinated olfactory, and the myelinated trigeminal and optic nerves of the spotted and long-nosed garfish. A similar degree of anisotropy of the average diffusion coefficients (DNMR) is observed for all three freshly excised nerve types (DNMR(parallel)/DNMR-(perpendicular) is 3.6 +/- 1.2, 3.2 +/- 0.9, and 2.6 +/- 0.4 for the olfactory, trigeminal, and optic nerves, respectively). The anisotropy of DNMR for the nonmyelinated olfactory nerve argues strongly that myelin is not a necessary determinant of diffusional anisotropy in ordered axonal systems (even though it may contribute when present). Garfish nerves treated with vinblastine, in order to depolymerize microtubules and inhibit fast axonal transport, also exhibit diffusional anisotropy (DNMR(parallel)/DNMR(perpendicular) is 2.6 +/- 0.4, 2.8 +/- 0.8, and 2.2 +/- 0.7 for the olfactory, trigeminal, and optic nerves, respectively) thus excluding a significant role for microtubules and fast axonal transport in that observed anisotropy.

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The Relationship of Slow Axonal Flow to Nerve Elongation and Degeneration

Cited by 7 publications

References 93 publications

Cloning of Zebrafish Neurofilament cDNAs for Plasticin and Gefiltin: Increased mRNA Expression in Ganglion Cells After Optic Nerve Injury

Cloning of Zebrafish Neurofilament cDNAs for Plasticin and Gefiltin: Increased mRNA Expression in Ganglion Cells After Optic Nerve Injury

Morphological and physiological survival of goldfish Mauthner axons isolated from their somata by spinal cord crush

Determinants of anisotropic water diffusion in nerves

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