The Relationship of Serum Sodium to Total Serum Osmolarity: A Method of Distinguishing Hyponatremic States

Olmstead, Edwin G.; Roth, Donald A.

doi:10.1097/00000441-195704000-00005

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The mean serum osmolality for nonpregnant Nigerian women is 284.8 mOsm/kg, with a fall of about 11 m O s m / k g in pregnancy. Our findings are within the normal range for Caucasian women reported by earlier authors (3,(5)(6)(7). The approximately 11 m O s m / k g fall in osmolality is also comparable to that reported by Robertson and Cheyne (6).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

A Study of Serum and Urine Osmolality Values in Pregnant Nigerian Women

Agboola

Adewoye

1978

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics

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Serum and urine osmolality values for 250 pregnant and nonpregnant Nigerian women were determined with an Advanced Laboratory Osmometer. There was a statistically significant difference in the serum and urine osmolality of nonpregnant and pregnant women. There was a fall of about 11 mOsm/kg in serum osmolality in pregnancy, but this was not thought to be due to sodium loss because there was no significant difference in sodium concentration in the nonpregnant and pregnant women. No significant correlation was found between serum and urine osmolality in the two groups of women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

A Study of Serum and Urine Osmolality Values in Pregnant Nigerian Women

Agboola

Adewoye

1978

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics

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“…A plausible explanation for this is that sodium is lost in sweat in amounts much larger than other substances (24) that contribute to Posm (cations, anions, proteins, and nonionized organic substances) (2,40,41), and thus, Posm increases as water is lost despite progressive sweat-sodium losses in the ordinary physiologic range (24). Tissue sodium retention somewhere within the extracellular matrix is another plausible contributor to this phenomenon, but unequivocal experimental evidence for this effect (42) has required conditions and protracted time frames very different from those in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-deficit equation: systematic analysis and improvement

Cheuvront¹,

Kenefick²,

Sollanek³

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…Der Normalwert der realen Osmolalität des Plasmas beträgt 288±5 mosmol/ kgH 2 O mit einer mittleren Streuung (SD) von nur 1,8%; hierbei handelt es sich um einen gewichteten Mittelwert für 181 Probanden [3,4,8].…”

Section: Intrakranieller Druck Und Hypotone Infusionslösungenunclassified

Intrakranieller Druck und hypotone Infusionslösungen

Zander¹

2009

Anaesthesist

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The physiological osmolality of plasma is 288+/-5 mosmol/kgH2O when measured by freezing-point depression. The theoretical osmolarity (290 mosmol/l) calculated from composition, osmotic coefficient (0.93) and water content (0.94) is practically identical. Saline (0.9% NaCl) has an osmolarity of 308 mosmol/l and an osmolality of 286 mosmol/kgH2O (water content ca. 1.0). The osmolality in vivo is more important than that measured in vitro. A 5% dextrose solution in water (D5W) is isotonic in vitro, but the in vivo effect is that of pure water because the glucose is rapidly metabolized. Every infusion fluid should be isotonic (290+/-10 mosmol/kgH2O). Hypotonic solutions must move water from the extracellular space to the intracellular space. Typical examples are Ringer's lactate and acetate solutions (256 instead of 290 mosmol/kgH2O). The brain (central nervous system, CNS) is the critical organ: The rigidly shaped skull contains three incompressible compartments, only blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be partially, but limitedly shifted outside the skull. The consequence of a volume load is an increasing intracranial pressure (ICP). A decrease in plasma osmolality by only 3% produces an increase in ICP of about 15 mmHg. Therefore, infusion of larger volumes of hypotonic solutions should be avoided at all costs.

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The Relationship of Serum Sodium to Total Serum Osmolarity: A Method of Distinguishing Hyponatremic States

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

A Study of Serum and Urine Osmolality Values in Pregnant Nigerian Women

A Study of Serum and Urine Osmolality Values in Pregnant Nigerian Women

Water-deficit equation: systematic analysis and improvement

Intrakranieller Druck und hypotone Infusionslösungen

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