The relationship of quadriceps (Q) angle and body mass index with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury among male athletes

Abstract

The risk factors for non-contact ACL injuries are environmental, anatomical, hormonal biomechanical and neuromuscular [2,4]. Anatomical differences are increased tibial plateau slope, shallow medial tibial plateau depth [5], decreased intercondylar notch width, lower extremity malalignment including increased navicular drop, anterior pelvic tilt and Quadriceps (Q) angle [4,6].Quadriceps angle or Q angle is an anatomical feature defined as "the angle formed by a line from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the patella center and a line from the patella