The relationship of obsessive–compulsive disorder to possible spectrum disorders: results from a family study

Clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents and adults

“…However, it is interesting that both studies of BDD in adolescents found that most adolescents were female. This finding is consistent with several studies of adults with BDD in community and clinical settings (Rosen and Reiter, 1996;Veale et al, 1996;Faravelli et al, 1997), but differs from other adult BDD studies, which had a nearly equal gender ratio or contained more males than females (Hollander et al, 1993;Neziroglu and Yaryura-Tobias, 1993;Perugi et al, 1997;Phillips and Diaz, 1997;Bienvenu et al, 2000). It is unclear whether BDD actually affects more females than males-both adolescents and adults-or whether males with BDD are less likely to come to clinical attention or participate in a study such as ours, perhaps because it is more distressing and feels more shameful for males to reveal and discuss body image concerns.…”

Compulsive Aspects of Impulse-Control Disorders

“…These recent findings are consistent with those from a sample of more than 2000 individuals who had OCD in which both current and past rates of PG were lower than 1% [17]. Similarly, a family study of OCD probands did not find evidence of a significant relationship between OCD and PG or OCD and ICDs in general (with the exception of grooming and eating disorders) [18].…”

“…When compared with a control group (n = 33, with 182 first-degree relatives), significantly more relatives of the trichotillomania probands had OCD (2.9%) compared with the control group [48]. A family study of OCD probands found a higher proportion of case subjects than control subjects had trichotillomania (4% versus 1%), although the difference was not statistically significant given the sample size [18].…”

Comorbidity of body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders: Severity of psychopathology and body image disturbance

“…Preoccupations most often focus on the face or head (e.g., facial scarring or a huge nose) but can involve any body area. 2 BDD is relatively common, 3,4 and is associated with high levels of perceived stress, 5 poor psychosocial functioning and quality of life (QOL), 2,6,7 and a high prevalence of suicide attempts. 8,9 To better understand BDD and its pathogenesis, researchers have examined the relationship of BDD to other disorders with similar symptomatology-in particular, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and mood disorders.…”