The relationship of maternal and fetal glucose concentrations in the human from midgestation until term

Bozzetti, Patrizia; Ferrari, María Rosa; Marconi, Anna Maria; Ferrazzi, E.; Pardi, Giorgio; Makowski, Edgar L.; Battaglia, Frederick C.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(88)90136-9

Cited by 76 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Data from in vivo sheep studies by Hay et al have also shown that the maternal to fetal glucose gradient is the major driving force for fetal glucose concentration [95]. It has also been determined in both sheep and humans that the transplacental glucose gradient is increased near term as a result of decreasing fetal glucose concentrations [96,97]. From mid-gestation to term, fetal glucose demand increases 14 fold, while placental glucose transfer capacity only increases by 5-6 fold.…”

Section: Placental Glucose Transfer and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 96%

The pregnant sheep as a model for human pregnancy

2008

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Successful outcome of human pregnancy not only impacts the quality of infant life and well-being, but considerable evidence now suggests that what happens during fetal development may well impact health and well-being into adulthood. Consequently, a thorough understanding of the developmental events that occur between conception and delivery is needed. For obvious ethical reasons, many of the questions remaining about the progression of human pregnancy can not be answered directly, necessitating the use of appropriate animal models. A variety of animal models exist for the study of both normal and compromised pregnancies, including laboratory rodents, non-human primates and domestic ruminants. While all of these animal models have merit, most suffer from the inability to repetitively sample from both the maternal and fetal side of the placenta, limiting their usefulness in the study of placental or fetal physiology under non-stressed in vivo conditions. No animal model truly recapitulates human pregnancy, yet the pregnant sheep has been used extensively to investigate maternal-fetal interactions. This is due in part to the ability to surgically place and maintain catheters in both the maternal and fetal vasculature, allowing repeated sampling from non-anesthetized pregnancies. Considerable insight has been gained on placental oxygen and nutrient transfer and utilization from use of pregnant sheep. These findings were often confirmed in human pregnancies once appropriate technologies became available. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of human and sheep pregnancy, with emphasis placed on placental development and function as an organ of nutrient transfer.

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Section: Placental Glucose Transfer and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 96%

The pregnant sheep as a model for human pregnancy

2008

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“…Data obtained from percutaneous umbilical blood sampling in pregnant women at mid and late gestation suggest that normal mean fetal glucose levels are B85 and 75 mg dl À1 , respectively. 20 Adverse outcomes such as increased severity of ROP have been linked with high glucose levels in ELBW infants. 1,9,10 However, the infants in these studies also had a high severity of illness, making the results difficult to interpret.…”

Section: Abnormal Glucose Levels In Elbw Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of early glycemic status in the development of severe retinopathy of prematurity in a cohort of ELBW infants

et al. 2011

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Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between glycemic status and severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study of 114 infants <1000 g admitted to a level IV neonatal intensive care unit within 48 h of life. A cumulative, time-weighted glucose level (TWGL) derived from plotting glucose values over time was included in logistic regression analysis to identify predictors for severe ROP.Result: Infants had 26.6 ± 2 weeks gestational age and had a birth weight of 782±136 g. TWGL during first 10 and 30 days of life were greater in the severe ROP group (P<0.01). Unlike single events of glucose levels X150 mg dl À1 , 10 days TWGL X100 mg dl À1 (odds ratio (OR) 5.2, P<0.02) and 30 days TWGL X118 mg dl À1 (OR 5.7, P<0.02) were predictors for severe ROP (univariate). Multivariate regression confirmed 30 days TWGL X118 mg dl À1 (OR 9.4 to 10) and gram-positive sepsis (OR 4.1 to 5) as predictors for severe ROP (P<0.05). Conclusion:High overall glycemic status is associated with the development of severe ROP.

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“…However, with the advent of FBS, it is now possible to collect fetal blood at different gestational ages without interruption of pregnancy (7)(8)(9). Thus, it is now possible to measure the appearance of a tracer amino acid in the fetal circulation that has been infused into the maternal circulation.…”

Section: Cetin Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Placental Transport of Glycine and Leucine in Human Pregnancies

et al. 1995

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L-[I-13 C]Glycine and L-[I-13 C]leucine were infused as a bolus into 12 pregn ant patients carrying normal fetuses before fetal blood sampling at gestational ages ranging from 20 to 37 wk. Maternal venous samples were obtained every 2-3 min for 15 min after the bolus infusion . Fetal samples were obtained from the umbilical vein within 15 min of the bolus. Amino acid plasma enrichments (molar percent enrichment) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and their concentrations by ion exchang e chromatography. The ratios of glycine and leucine transfer were assessed from fetal/maternal enrichment ratios for each amino acid. We now report that over the gestational age range of 20-37 wk, under relativel y undisturbed fetomat ernal conditions (fetal blood sampling) , human placental glycine transfer is limited , with a glycinelleucine ratio = 0.16 ± 0.02. We

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The relationship of maternal and fetal glucose concentrations in the human from midgestation until term

Cited by 76 publications

References 17 publications

The pregnant sheep as a model for human pregnancy

The pregnant sheep as a model for human pregnancy

Contribution of early glycemic status in the development of severe retinopathy of prematurity in a cohort of ELBW infants

In Vivo Placental Transport of Glycine and Leucine in Human Pregnancies

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